Дискурсні параметри сучасної української проповіді

Abstract

У статті описано критерії сучасного українського проповідництва як інституційного спілкування. Дискурсний підхід передбачає врахування прагматичної інформації, реалізованої у процесі взаємодії адресанта (проповідника) і адресата (вірянина) з урахуванням екстарлінгвальних чинників, зокрема специфіки хронотопу. Особливістю проповідницького дискурсу є те, що його учасником також є Бог: він імпліцитний, однак має визначальну роль у комунікації. Такий набір комунікантів, особливості хронотопу, концептосфери тощо визначають специфіку проповідницького дискурсу.

The article describes the criteria of modern Ukrainian preaching as institutional communication. The sermon is a fundamental primary genre of religious communication. This is not only an interpretation of biblical truths, but also an effective means of moral education and the creation of the spiritual foundations of the life of Christian society. The priest conceptually and meaningfully arranges preaching communication. Accordingly, the priest chooses the subject of a sermon, its genre, strategies, tactics, updates relevant concepts, etc. The recipients of the sermon are listeners of different age, social status, interests, level of education, awareness, character, etc., but the category of "faith” is unifying for the addressee and recipients. The success of preaching depends to a large extent on the consideration of the recipients' interests. In this way, attention is focused on the relation between the subject of communication and his speech product. The preaching discourse, compared with other forms, has one more feature: the addressee perceives the text, delivered from the pulpit, unperemptorily, ambiguously, and not only on the basis of faith, but critically, subjectively, not necessarily agreeing with everything. A specific feature of preaching discourse is that its participant is also God: he is implicit, but he has a decisive role in communication. Such a set of communicators, their speech incarnation and interactions in the sermon are unique. A discursive approach to the study of the sermon involves the consideration of the pragmatic information that it implements in the interaction of the speaker (preacher) and the addressee (the believer), taking into account the extralinguistic factors, including the specificity of the chronotope. The setting of preaching communication is usually clearly regulated. The traditional place of preaching is the temple as the main religious institution in which worship and religious ceremonies take place. Rarely does preaching discourse go beyond the church (for example, a sermon during the funeral service). All forms of sermons described in homiletics are intended for a wide range of listeners and are used on any day of the ecclesiastical year. The church sermon according to liturgical time may be Sunday, festive and lenten. Clearly defined status in the preaching, mainly the oral form of the sermon functioning, standardization in combination with the personal precepts of the preacher determine the specifics of the preaching discourse.