Роль природних індукторів у формуванні стійкості рослин томатів до збудників бактеріальних хвороб

Abstract

Доведено доцільність застосування СК як природного індуктора стійкості рослин томатів до збудників бактеріальних хвороб. Показано, що обробка СК підсилювала антиоксидантну активність фенолів в листках рослин томатів за дії фітотоксичних сполук збудників.

Доказана целесообразность применения СК как природного индуктора устойчивости растений томатов к возбудителям бактериальных болезней. Показано, что обработка СК повышала антиоксидантную активностью фенолов в листьях растений томатов за действия фитотоксичних соединений возбудителей.

The problem of plant resistance against bacteriosis pathogens is one of the most important in modern horticulture. In this regard, compounds increasing the stability of plant varieties by mobilizing their natural defense mechanisms are increasingly used, in particular salicylic acid (SA). The aim of this work was to study the influence of SA on the components of the antioxidant system in plantsregenerants of tomato varieties in the conditions of bacterial stress caused by bacterial cancer Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, bacterial black spotting Xanthomonas vesicatoria and bacterial speck Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. The objects of research were in vitro cultivated plants-regenerants of tomato varieties with different resistance to bacteriosis pathogens. Soluble polyphenols were determined by Folin Ciocoalteu method in Singleton Rossi modification. The determination of flavonoid sum was performed with the help of spectrophotometric method with simultaneous analysis of a standard curve for quercetin. Catechins were measured by spectrophotometric using 9 N H2SO4 and 1% vanillin with formation of stable complexes. Antioxidant activity of phenols was established with the help of the modified method by Blois and Brand-Williams according to the assessment of antioxidant compounds and extracts. Under the action of 4,0 % of IC P. syringae pv. tomato IS-28, X. vesicatoria IS-30, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis IS-38 it increased the number of phenolic compounds in the leaves of tomato varieties from 23,05 to 59,51 %. Treatment of plants-regenerants with SA at concentrations of 1 mg/l, induced intensification of accumulation of soluble phenols, catechins and flavonoids under bacterial stress. In the leaves of plants-regenerants of tomato varieties the maximum value of content of phenols was 14,54 – 17,41 mg/ml, of catechins – 25,80 – 30,02, and of flavonoids – 3,22 – 7,24 mg/ml in terms of adding 1 mg/l of SA. It is shown that the antioxidant activity of phenols in the leaves of plants-regenerants of tomato varieties of the first group in control was 4,91 – 5,45 mcIU-equiv in the medium with 4,0% IC P. syringae pv. tomato IS-28, X. vesicatoria IS-30, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis IS-38 – 10,57 – 11,21 mcIU-equiv. It is shown that the antioxidant activity of phenols in the leaves of plantsregenerants of tomato varieties of the second group in control was 4,08 – 4,36 mcIU-equiv in the medium with 4,0% IC P. syringae pv. tomato IS-28, X. vesicatoria IS-30, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis IS-38 – 8,12 – 10,17 mcIU-equiv. In the leaves of plants-regenerants in terms of join activity of SA and phytotoxic metabolites of P. syringae pv. tomato IS-28, X. vesicatoria IS-30, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis IS-38 the antioxidant activity of phenols in first group of tomato varieties increased by 7,25 – 8,36 mcIU-equiv when compared to the control, second group – 5,14 – 6,00 mcIU-equiv. It was proved application practicability salicylic acid as a natural inducer of the resistance of tomato plants to pathogens of bacterial diseases. It was shown that treatment plants with SA strengthened biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in the cells under the influence of phytotoxic compounds of tomato plant bacterial cancer, bacterial black spotting and bacterial speck pathogen.