Вищі водні та прибережно-водні рослини окремих ділянок р. Стир у межах Рівненської області

Abstract

Наведено результати вивчення видового складу вищих водних і прибережно-водних рослин р. Стир у межах Рівненської області. На обстежених ділянках річки встановлено зростання 125 видів із 75 родів та 38 родин, із яких 8 видів є адвентивними рослинами. У структурі життєвих форм переважають гемікриптофіти, водні гемікриптофіти та гідрофіти, а також багаторічні трав’янисті рослини. В екологічній структурі найчисельніше представлені тріхогігрофіти, евохтофіти, улігінозофіти, охтогідрофіти та гідроохтофіти. За ступенем натуралізації види адвентивних рослин представлені агріоепекофітами та агріофітами.

Приведены результаты изучения видового состава высших водных и прибрежно-водных растений р. Стирь в пределах Ровенской области. На обследуемых участках речки установлено произрастание 125 видов из 75 родов и 38 семейств, из которых 8 видов являются адвентивными растениями. В структуре жизненных форм преобладают гемикриптофиты, водные гемикриптофиты и гидрофиты, а также многолетние травянистые растения. В экологической структуре наиболее численно представлены трихогигрофиты, евохтофиты, улигинозофиты, охтогидрофиты и гидроохтофиты. По степеньи натурализации виды адвентивных растений представлены агриоэпекофитами и агриофитами.

The results of the study of the species composition of the higher water and coastal aquatic plants of the Styr river in Rivnenska oblast, where the middle and lower parts of the river are located, are presented. On the territory of Rivnenska oblast the length of the river Styr is 208 km, the catchment area is 3416 km2. The research was conducted in the years of 2016-2017 during the vegetation period. The species composition of the flora was studied at each control point of water withdrawal for analysis at a 500-meter-long riverside in the Demydivsky, Mlynivsky, Volodymyretsky and Zarichnensky districts of the oblast. The list of species includes own macrophytes – real aquatic and air-aquatic species, as well as atypical or occasional macrophytes that have been recorded in the immediate proximity to the river bed and grow in the coastal zone (hygrophytes and hygromеsophytes). Ecological groups of species are allocated on the basis of taking into account the peculiarities of the passing of ecophases (Macrophytes ..., 1993). The classification of Magnoliophyta is given by the APG IV (2016). The names of the species are given using the The Plant List (2013). Groups of adventitious plants according to the chronoelement are classified under the classification of J. Kornaš (1968). According to the results of research 125 species of 75 genera and 38 families were determined on the studied areas of the river. 8 species are adventitious plants and the rest ones represent an aboriginal flora of Rivnenska oblast. The most numerous families are Poaceae (11 species), Potamogetonaceae (10 species), Asteraceae (9 species), Cyperaceae (8 species), Polygonaceae (8 species), Ranunculaceae (6 species). Among the genera in amount of species dominate Potamogeton (9 species), Salix (6 species), Juncus (5 species), Rumex (5 species), Carex (5 species).37 species or 29,6 % of the total species composition were found on all studied areas, while 41 species (38,2 %) were found in only one of the plot. Among them, in particular, rare species that are subject to regional protection in Rivnenska oblast: Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn., Hippirus vulgaris L., Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach, B. rionii (Lagger) Nyman, Potamogeton gramineus L., Nymphaea candida J. Presl & C. Presl. Batrachium rionii are given for the first time in Rivnenska oblast. The largest number of species (89 or 71,2 % of the total species composition) was recorded on the river between Zarichne urban settlement and Ivanchytsi village of Zarichnensky district. Exactly here was found Batrachium rionii, also Juncus tenuis Willd., Potamogeton friesii Rupr., P. natans L., P. gramineus, Ranunculus flammula L., Stellaria fennica (Murb.) Perfil., Hippirus vulgaris, Pulicaria vulgaris and others. The poorest species composition was in the area near Verben village of Demydivsky district, where 58 species (46,4 %) grew. However, only here were found Batrachium circinatum, Glyceria notata Chevall, Potamogeton compresus L., Cicuta virosa L., and also the representative of water moss – Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda (family Ricciaceae). In the river area within Volodymyretsky district were found 87 species (69,6 %), among which Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw., Thalictrum lucidum L., Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr & A. Gray, Epilobium tetragonum L. are noticed only it this area. In the area of the river between Torhovytsya village and Nove village of Mlynivsky district were found 65 species (52 %), among which Agrostis gigantea Roth, Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf, Myriophyllum verticillatum L., Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort are registered only in this locality. In the areal structure of the species composition of the river dominate species with a wide range, in particular Holarctic, Eurasian, Euro-Siberian, Cosmopolites, and Hemicosmopolites, the total share of which is more than 80 %. In the structure of life forms classified by C. Raunkier predominate aquatic geophytes (hydrophytes), aquatic hemicryptophytes and hemicryptophytes. The ecological structure of the found species is diverse, however trichоhyhrоphytes, euochtophytes, uliginosophytes, octohydrophytes and hydroochotophytes dominate here. The species composition of the flora of the studied areas of the river includes 8 adventitious plants species of 7 families, of which 2 species are archeophytes according to the honeoelectomy, 3 species are kenophytes, 3 species are eukenophytes. By degree of naturalization 2 species are represented by agriophytes, the remaining 6 species are agriopepophytes. Such a distribution of identified species indicates that all of them were naturalized in natural and seminatural ecotopes. Among these species the coastal North American euenophytes Bidens frondosa L. and Echinocystis lobata now tend to expand into natural groups, in particular, the first species is intensively displacing aboriginal plants – Bidens cernua L. and B. tripartita L., the East Asian species Zizania latifolia gradually expands the growth area and takes up new localities. Originally, 4 species are North American, 3 species have an Asian origin, 1 species is from Southern Europe.