Порядок слів у реченні у світлі комунікативної теорії (на матеріалі української мови)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто особливості розташування слів у речення в семантико-стилістичному та комунікативному аспектах. Зокрема, окреслено семантичну структуру речення, вказано на зв’зок стилістичних засобів увиразнення із порядком слів у реченні, з’ясовано зміст таких понять, як „синтагма”, „актуальне членування речення”.

The article deals with timeliness and perspectivity of perscrutation of the problem of word order in the Ukrainian language. The peculiarities of semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence are provided. It is pointed out that semantic content of the sentence is viewed as the system of relations organized by the predicate which is the central element in the sentence. Predicate defines the number of components for noting objects and determinates their semantic functions. Situation and its semantic model which is proposition are the core elements in the sentence. To determine propositions it is necessary to take into account two things: semantic nature of the predicate and the number of actants and their roles defined by the predicate. In this respect the semantics of the predicate words (verbs, adjectives and adverbs) and of case forms of nouns is important. Further it is indicated that semantic aspect caused the separation of the problem of word order from the problem of syntactic functions of parts of the sentence and pointed at consecutive connection between inversion and direct word order with the peculiarities of semantic structure of the delivered thought. New notions such as „syntagma” and „actual division of the sentence” appeared in the context of semantic approach. Actual division of the sentence causes modification of grammatical structure of the sentence: word order and phrasal stress. The means of actual sentence division are named: word order and intonation (the point of phrasal stress). It is mentioned that phrasal stress is automatic and it is always at the end of the sentence stressing the last syntagma. In accordance with this the word order is organized: firstly there is the theme, after that the rheme. This is the objective word order. In speech the word order is modified and it is called subjective. The perspectives of further research are defined in the end of the article, mainly the perspective of experimental checking of the named theoretical notions by means of examples from fiction, publicistic writing, the expressions from modern private or business communication.