Оцінка стану дендрофлори Більче-Золотецького парку – пам'ятки садово-паркового мистецтва

Abstract

Проведено інвентаризацію дендрофлори старовинного парку в селі Більче-Золоте Тернопільської області. Окреслено фітосанітарний стан та загальні таксаційні характеристики зелених насаджень. Встановлено, що загальний показник відносного життєвого стану зелених насаджень парку дорівнює 78 %, що відповідає оцінці «добре». Тим не менше, в парку необхідно провести комплекс санітарно-оздоровчих і реконструкційних заходів. Розроблено перспективний план розвитку парку шляхом його оздоровлення та реконструкції.

Проведено инвентаризацию дендрофлоры старинного парка в селе Бильче-Золотое Тернопольской области. Определены фитосанитарное состояние и общие таксационных характеристики зеленых насаждений. Установлено, что общий показатель относительного жизненного состояния зеленых насаждений парка составляет 78%, что соответствует оценке «хорошо». Тем не менее, в парке необходимо провести комплекс санитарно-оздоровительных и реконструкционных мероприятий. Разработан перспективный план развития парка путем его оздоровления и реконструкции.

The Bilche-Zolote park is a monument of landscape architecture of national significance, there are preserved unique plantations and age trees that need to be streamlined and cared. The history of this park came from the middle of the XVIII century. The Inventory of dendroflora in the old park of the Bilche-Zolote village (Ternopil region) was carried out by our researches. The phytosanitary condition and general biological characteristics of trees was detected there. The criteria for assessing the characteristics of trees were: height, diameter of the trunk, crown diameter, and estimation of vitality. In this case we used the traditional instrumental and methodological support (altimeter, measure-fork, dimensional tape) as the modern one: the device of global positioning (GPS), geoinformation systems (GIS) and Earth remote sensing methods. We have get the information about the location of each tree with using of GPS Garmin Etrex 20 with anchoring to the reference points in the area and then adjusting it with using of Landsat remote sensing data in ArcGIS 9.2 GIS. On the basis of this, a geoinformation database of park vegetation was created in the coordinates of the location of trees were combined with the information on taxonomic, phytosanitary and basic biometric indicators. This allowed to store data in digital format, to automatize processing and display them as discrete information on the map. Using these possibilities and a digital relief model made on the basis of geodesic surveying, we created the three-dimensional digital layout of the park's dendroflora in the Realtime Landscaping Architect 2014 program. It was found that the relative living state of park trees is 78% and meets the criterion as "good". We have discovered near the 80 old trees of different species in the park. They should be treated with special attention, providing care and protection. In the future, these trees will be a foundation for defining the so-called patriarchal trees and protected monuments. We need to protect the age-old original trees, which are distinguished by unusual beauty, which have an interesting shape, growths, or several (four or more) trunks from one root system. The category of rare also includes specimens of non-characteristic breeds of the area. Old trees should also be protected as a source of elite seed. The best vitality in the Bilche-Zolote Park was shown by such breeds as Gleditsia triacanthos L., Juglans regia L. and Juglans nigra L., Carpinus betulus L., Quercus robur L., Corylus avellana L. Styphnolobium japonicum L.. The worse vitality was shown by such breeds as of all kinds poplars, fruit trees, and most of the conifer species, which have gone through the last arid years. Averages ("satisfactory" state) are distinguished by such species as all maple, linden heart and ash tree. In the worst condition there are the fir trees, white acacia, bitter chestnut, apple, white willow, aspen and poplar, etc. Up to half (and sometimes more over than 50%) of these trees are in unsatisfactory condition and need to be removed. Nevertheless, it is necessary to conduct a complex of sanitary and recreational activities in the park. There were offered the prospects of development of the park through the rehabilitation and reconstruction of this park. At the same time, the selection of breeds, which corresponds both to the natural and climatic, and to the degree of anthropogenic loads, must play a primary role in the creation of sustainable park plantations.