«Апокрисис» Христофора Філарета у полемічному дискурсі кінця ХVI - початку XVII ст.

Abstract

У дисертації досліджено жанрово-стильову специфіку твору Христофора Філалета «Апокрисис» у контексті полемічного дискурсу кінця ХVІ – початку ХVІІ ст. У ході його аналізу на основі власних спостережень вперше охарактеризовано його проблематику, окреслено наративно-риторичні стратегії автора. Визначено, що усі композиційні елементи «Апокрисиса» підпорядковані комунікативній меті, а з’єднувальною ланкою служать заголовки до розділів кожної з чотирьох частин. Підкреслено, що комунікативність твору засвідчують часті звертання полеміста до реципієнта, які створюють враження безпосередньої розмови. Автор апелює і до опонента, через іронічні коментарі висловлюючи своє ставлення до його думок. Виокремлено ті жанрово-композиційні ознаки «Апокрисиса», що дають підстави ідентифікувати його належність до української полемічно-публіцистичної прози кінця ХVІ – початку ХVІІ ст. Зміст і форма твору свідчать про плідні пошуки нових шляхів у літературній творчості та зрушення в естетичній свідомості читача. З’ясовано, що Христофор Філалет досконало володів риторичною майстерністю, а його стильова вправність демонструє процес формування в українському письменстві стилю бароко, покликаного донести до реципієнта ускладнену та динамічну картину буття.

In the dissertation, genre-stylistic specificity of the work of Christophor Philaleth’s «Apokrysys» in the context of polemical discourse at the end of ХVІth– beginning of ХVІIth centuries has been investigated. The main aspects of the investigation are the following: the generalization of the cultural-historical basis of inter-confessional controversy; the determination of the development of the dynamics of polemical literature in Ukraine and inter-confessional literary discussion of the end of XVIth century; the outline of the history of the reception and scientific-interpretative paradigm of the work; the substantiation of genre specificity of work through compositional and stylistic paradigm; the analysis of the compositional-structural specificity of «Apokrysys», its issues in the context of the work-query (Petro Skarga) and the work-report (Ipatiy Potiy) and its communication features in the context of image system (author – reader – opponent); the definition of persuasive-rhetorical methods of the author. On the basis of systematization of scientific reflections regarding Ukrainian polemical-publicistic prose at the end of ХVІth – beginning of ХVІIth centuries as communicative phenomenon of the Reformation/Counter-Reformation era in general and «Apokrysys» of Christophor Philaleth in particular, and its analysis, the observations have been carried out and the characteristics of genre specificity of «Apokrysys» in the context of the reformation-counter-reformation tendencies has been presented for the first time, the analysis of scientific issues and their problems have been carried out, narrative-rhetorical strategies of the author have been outlined. It has been determined that all compositional elements of «Apokrysys» are subordinated to the communicative purpose, and the connecting links are the titles for chapters of each of the four sections, which play an important role in creating contact between the author and the reader, because they declare the principal problem and its prior understanding, focus at the core of author’s idea, historical or religious misunderstanding. The communicative nature of the work is evidenced by the frequent appeals of the polemicist to the recipient, which create the impression of direct conversation. It has been noted that Christophor Philaleth, according to polemical tradition, appeals to the opponent, by means of ironic comments, and expresses his attitude to the thoughts of the opponent as well. The Holistic analysis of «Apokrysys» by Christopher Philalet has provided the basis for assertion that the work demonstrated a complex layout of logical and figurative thinking and the birth of satirical genres in Ukrainian poetry, a pamphlet in particular, which became especially relevant in the context of interfaith disputes, since it aimed at negatively reflecting the opponent’s position and criticism of the socio-political component. There were outlined those features that give basis for identification of the relation of «Apokrysys» to Ukrainian polemical-publicistic prose at the end of ХVІth – beginning of ХVІIth centuries. Its content and form have confirmed successful search for new ways in literary activity and the changes in the aesthetic consciousness of the reader. It has been revealed that Christophor Philaleth possesses excellent rhetorical skills, and his style skills testify the formation of baroque style in Ukrainian writing, which informs the recipient about the complicated and dynamic picture. It has been noted that Christophor Philaleth is a representative of the creatively active denominational apologists professing certain system of religious and political values, had clearly expressed denominational orientations calling for the authority of the Orthodox or Catholic tradition, and their «textual» activity developed the basic concepts of religious-political relations in social life, to a certain extent contributed to the political socialization of Ukrainians in Rzeczpospolita and their defence of the indigenous interests of their community.