Особливості розвитку екологічного дизайну предметно-просторового середовища (на прикладі Прикарпаття)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто особливості розвитку екологічного дизайну в Івано-Франківській області. Виділено три напрями в екологічному дизайні, а саме: інтеграція міського середовища в природу і ландшафтних елементів в архітектуру; розвиток екологічних технологій, спрямованих на мінімізацію екологічної шкоди природі; збереження та інтеграція народного мистецтва, традицій у сучасне середовище і культуру. Проаналізовано ці напрями та їх роль у житловому середовищі. Встановлено основні тенденції розвитку екологічного дизайну в ХХІ столітті.

В статье рассмотрены особенности развития экологического дизайна в Ивано-Франковской области. Выделены три направления в экологическом дизайне, а именно: интеграция городской среды в природу и ландшафтных элементов в архитектуре; развитие экологических технологий, направленных на минимизацию экологического ущерба природе; сохранение и интеграция народного искусства, традиций в современную среду и культуру. Проанализированы эти направления и их роль в жилой среде. Установлены основные тенденции развития экологического дизайна в XXI веке.

In the article the features of environmental design in the Precarpathian region. Analyzes trends and their role in the living environment. In Environmental Design can be roughly divided into three areas: the integration of urban environment in nature and landscape elements in architecture; development of environmental technology to minimize environmental damage to nature; preservation and integration of folk art traditions in the modern environment and culture. Environmental design seeks to create a special space that aims at preserving ecosystems, on environmental protection, safety materials to be used. Environmental design aspects can be seen at different levels: city planning, and planning Volumetric artistic and imaginative engineering and constructive resolution of individual objects. Designers, researchers are considering ways of interaction between society and nature with a view to ascertaining the possibility of optimization. Formed social demand for environmental and artistic harmonious living environment. However, scientists note that environmentally conscience has not become dominant. There is a problem of uncontrolled seal area, no program of regeneration of the natural landscape. Social environment attractiveness of the city largely depends on the consideration of environmental factors: balance building and landscape architectural spaces of the landscape dimension in between quarterly environment, pedestrian transit of recreational areas, organic, nature similarities, sensory ecology. Major environmental design aimed at the use of alternative energy sources, energy saving technologies, using local materials with the possibility of re-use, safe disposal, management of resources, received distribution in developed countries. Along with interest the latest technologies implementation in the Precarpathian region is not widespread. The exception may be the use of local materials and resources insulation of buildings. There is a trend towards technology rational use of resources, minimize harmful effects on the environment. Using the latest technologies contributing to the transition to a qualitatively new living environment. In the 2000’s a growing interest in environmental issues and this is evident in the environmental emphasized resolving specific objects. Designers more closely harmonize the building with landscaped environment, more attention to landscaping. It should also be noted that in 2000–2010’s tendency allocation landscape areas as a separate type of cultural heritage. Before scientists question the identification of the natural area, to determine its value. Common examples highlighted nature integrated solutions can be building of ecological farmstead and Tourism and recreation facilities of Precarpathian region. In style solution can be traced pluralism and a wide range of options, in concise form objects that resemble the search Scandinavian architects; folk style building in keeping with the architecture; eco objects; nature similar imitation of natural forms; eclectic decision; amateur solutions, which tend to kitsch. You can often watch fragmented solution beautification initiative in shaping the landscape compositions (private estates, cafes). It also observed the variety of materials, design and decorative solutions Analysing the landscape composition in the recent period, we can say the revival of irrational factors of emotional and psychological fullness images. It is important to preserve the authentic iconic elements relevant to residents of content pieces that will promote spiritual human interaction with the built environment. Common examples highlighted environmental solutions may be ecological farmstead construction of recreational and tourist facilities Carpathians. They are characterized by the ethnic flavor, using traditional local materials and decoration items from local visually-shaped symbols and ornaments. The basic trends of environmental design in the twentieth century.