Джаз в системі української музичної освіти

Abstract

У статті розглянуті основні проблемні аспекти, пов’язані з позиціонуванням джазу в системі української освіти. Звернуто увагу на необхідність утворення системного комплексного підходу на шляху здобуття кваліфікації у сфері джазового виконавства. Виокремлена потреба реформування української освіти, яка б передбачала введення естрадних відділів у музичних школах та всіх музичних академіях. Зазначено основні знання і навички, що повинен засвоїти джазовий виконавець, здійснюючи це систематизовано.

В статье рассмотрены основные проблемные аспекты, связанные с позиционированием джаза в системе украинского образования. Обращено внимание на необходимости создания системного комплексного подхода на пути получения квалификации в сфере джазового исполнительства. Выделяется необходимость реформирования украинского образования, которая бы предусматривала открытие эстрадных отделов в музыкальных школах и всех музыкальных академиях. Указаны основные знания и навыки, которые должен усвоить джазовый исполнитель, изучение которых должно осуществляться систематизировано.

The article discusses the main aspects of concern related to jazz positioning in the system of Ukrainian education. Attention is drawn to the need for a systematic integrated approach to obtaining qualifications in the field of jazz performance. We point out the need to reform the Ukrainian education. It would include the opening of pop music departments in schools and academies of music. Shown the basic knowledge and skills that should learn a jazz musician and their study should be carried out systematically. Jazz in modern culture takes a leading place, it became firmly established itself as an independent kind of musical art finally. The image of jazz art has changed, and has acquired a more “academic” character than at its beginnings. In view of the system of jazz education in the Ukrainian cultural space has been formed relatively recently in comparison with the academic direction of musical art, a number of difficulties arise. To form a jazz artist, it is necessary to have several stages of preparation – from studying jazz in a music school to mastering at a higher educational institution. But, unfortunately, there is not enough of the educational institutions in Ukraine, where there would be taught the variety-jazz specialization. In European and American educational musical institutions (conservatories, music academies, universities) there are jazz faculties. This is due primarily to the fact that they perceive jazz as an academic specialty. However, there are no enough such institutions in Ukrainian society. There are the Faculty of “Musical Variety Art” at the Dnipropetrovsk M. Glinka Academy of Music; the department of musical art of pop and jazz in the Lviv Mykola Lysenko National Music Academy; Kharkiv I. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts; Kiev National University of Culture and Arts and a number of other institutions. The specialty “the art of jazz and popular music” can be obtained at the Kyiv R. M. Gliere Institute of Music; the only School of jazz and variety art had been opened (Kyiv, Ukraine). For the optimal organization of jazz education in a children’s music school, special techniques are needed that are characterized by systematic, complete, organic inclusion in the process of academic music education. In the domestic pedagogy at the moment there are no qualitative and complex examples of methodology of teaching jazz art that would be presented at the state level, although in recent decades attempts have been made to solve this problem at more local levels. For the performer of Jazz it is necessary to have a significant number of special skills, knowledge and skills. First of all, it is the ability to improvise, which involves understanding of the musical material, the ability to analyze, to highlight the main intonation, metrorhythmic elements. For the performer of variety-jazz, an indispensable component is the solo playing, that is associated with psychological readiness, musical-theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The specifity of the educational process that is connected with the training of jazz musicians is that the compulsory condition is not only education at the educational institution, but also acquaintance with modern festival practice. At the end of XX century movement of the festivals in Ukraine has acquired an increasing scale in the jazz direction.