Втрачені об'єкти та території природно-заповідного фонду (1960–2016): [Кіровоградська] область

Abstract

В даній роботі висвітлено результати дослідження документації, що має відношення до створення та скасування об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду (надалі ПЗФ) Кіровоградської області з 1960 року по 2016 рік з метою виявлення втрат заповідних площ. В якості результатів дослідження наведено причини втрат заповідних території або їх зменшення та скасування об`єктів ПЗФ, якщо такі є, методологію виявлення подібних неспівпадінь в архівних документах та відсоткову характеристику співвідношення скасованих та нині існуючих ПЗФ для прослідковування в часі тенденцій до зменшення або зростання числа заповідних природних територій.

В даной работе представлены результаты исследования архивных документов, касающихся введения, а также отмены охраняемого статуса объектов природно-заповедного фонда (далее ПЗФ) Кировоградской области. В работе приведена статистика отмены разных типов ПЗФ начиная со второй половины ХХ столетия и до наших дней. Приведены общие утраты заповедных территорий, причины отмены заповедного статуса, а также типы отменённых ПЗФ. Цель работы – приведение ранее не существовавшей статистики отмены заповедного статуса с целью обращения внимания общественности, контроля соблюдения заповедного статуса и поиска объектов, которые, возможно еще не успели утратить свою природною ценность. Хотя заповедными по тем или иным причинам уже не являются.

In this paper, we present the results of study of archival documents concerning the introduction, as well as the cancellation of the protected status of the objects of nature reserve fund (hereinafter referred to as the "NRF") of Kirovograd region. In the work the statistics of cancellation of different types of NRF starting from the second half of the twentieth century up to the present day is given. Primary information concerning general losses of protected areas, reasons for cancellation of reserve status, as well as types of canceled PZF, are also highlighted in this work. The aim of the work is to bring the previously unavailable statistics of the cancellation of the reserve status with the purpose of attracting public attention, monitoring the observance of the reserved status and searching for objects that may not have lost their natural value, but being for some reason no longer presented. At runtime of the work, a list of the types of existing objects of the region's nature reserve fund and the area occupied by them was presented. The general trend for Ukraine which was shown in active creation of objects and nature protected areas, ranging from 60th years of the twentieth century was typical for Kirovograd region as well as for whole territory of Ukraine. However, the number of protected areas created during this period does not coincide with the data referred to at the appropriate department. The documentation dated since 1960 obtained in the regional archive was checked and compared with the current list of the NRF of Kirovograd region. As a result, it was found that since 1960 in the region, 20 NRF objects with a total area of 7977.61 hectares disappeared. Of these, only 9 had documented fact of cancellation of the reserve status and the reasons for it, among which: drying due to damage to the trunk by pests and rot, threat to the lives of local residents, inconsistency of the new current classification. All 9 objects were monuments of local nature with a total area of 446.01 hectares. For the remaining 11 objects, no documentary confirmation of the cancellation of the reserve status has been found. Among them there are 7 botanical nature monuments of local importance, 2 dendrological parks and two state botanical reserves. During the work, the facts of decreasing and increasing the areas of the NRF were noted. The documents also did not mention the creation of so-called protected zones around the objects of NRF to maintain the reserve regime and create small buffer distances between the protected and agricultural part of the land, as it, for example, is done in Zhytomyr region. 30 objects of NRF of relatively small areas are part of larger reserve units, thus distorting the natural reserve area calculation index, which is calculated as a percentage of land occupied by the establishment and preservation of protected areas from the total area of the. The total area of these objects is 940,00 hectares., So the actual total area of NRF area is 99408.21 hectares, and the index of protected areas according to these data is 4.04%. As a result of research, it is noted that in the time period since 1960 Kirovograd region has lost (excluding documented cancelling of protected areas and protected areas that became part of larger objects, that are documented and taking into account the changing area of NRF) 7521,56 hectares of protected areas and objects, that is equivalent to 6,94% of the area of all created NRF objects in the region since 1960.