Флористичні осoбливості території НПП "Мале Полісся"

Abstract

Охарактеризовано флористичні особливості території національного природного парку «Мале Полісся», що знаходиться в східній частині Малого Полісся (Хмельниччина). Описано раритетну компоненту флори. Наведено список із 17 рідкісних видів рослин парку, занесених до Червоної книги України та 40 видів регіонально рідкісних рослин, що підлягають охороні на Хмельниччині.

Определены флористические особенности територии национального природного парка «Малое Полесье», который находится в восточной части Малого Полесья (Хмельниччина). Описано раритетную компоненту флоры. Приведено перечень 17 редких видов растений парка, занесенных в Красную книгу Украины и 40 видов регионально редких растений, которые охраняются в Хмельницкой области.

The article attempts to describe the floristic features of the territory of National park "Small Polissia". The National park (S = 8762.7 ha) is located in the eastern part of Small Polissia (Slavuta and Iziaslav districts of Khmelnytskyi region). The research was conducted over 1998-2015 using route-field floral, geobotanical, population-biological methods, and study of written and herbarium materials. Among floral features of the park we may mention young flora, variety of species, diversity of botanical-geographical and eco-cenotic groups; dominating boreal species and Central European species distributed mainly along the eastern border. As for the eco-cenotic groups, here boreal forest species are the most numerous. They dominate in pine forests, which are the most common. These species include Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth., Rhamnus frangula L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Pyrola rotundifolia L., some species of ferns, too. Boreal species are the most widespread and also serve as assektatory in communities of wetlands, above all, sedge and sedge-sphagnum. This group contains the following species: Comarum palustre L., Ledum palustre L., Calla palustris L., Carex elata All., C. rostrata Stokes, C. lasiocarpa Ehrh., Eriophorum vaginatum L. and E. polystachyon L., Salix myrtilloides L., S. myrsinifolia Salisb., S. rosmarinifolia L. and more. Since the flora is historically young, it is characterized by a small number of endemic species and a large number of border-areal species, especially those covering the southern border area. We have found and described the habitat of 17 rare plant species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Carex bohemica Schreb., C. davalliana Smith, Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó s.l., D. maculata (L.) Soόs.l., Daphne cneorum L., Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub, Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Galantus nivalis L.,Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ех Schranket Mart., Juncus bulbosus L., Lilium martagon L., Lycopodium annotinum L., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Salix myrtilloides L., Scheuchzeria palustris L., Utricularia minor L., U. intermedia Hayne.) and 40 rare plant species, included in the List of regionally rare species of Khmelnytskyi region (Andromeda polifolia L., Сalla palustris L., Carex limosa L.,C. caespitosa L., C. pilulifera L.,C. atherodes Spreng., C.lasiocarpa Ehrh., Carlina biebersteinii Bernh. ex Hornem, Comarum palustre L., Daphne mezereum L., Dianthus pseudosquarrosus (Novák) Klokov, Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. et Kit., Dryopteris austriaca auct. (Jacq.) Woyn., Drosera rotundifolia L., Eriophorum polystachyon L., E. latifolium Hoppe, Genista germanica L., Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.), Gnaphalium uliginosum L., Hottonia palustris L., Ledum palustre L., Lycopodium clavatum L., Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin, Melittis sarmatica Klokov, Menyanthes trifoliate L., Nymphaea сandida J. Presl et C. Presl, Phyteuma spicatum L., Potentilla alba L., Polypodium interjectum Shivas, Pyrola rotundifolia L., Sparganium minimum Wallr., Sempervivum ruthenicum W. D. J. Koch ex Schnittsp. & C. B. Lehm., Thelypteris palustris (S. F. Gray) Schott, Juncus squarrosus L., Scorzonera humilis L., Utricularia vulgaris L., Valeriana exaltata J. C. Mikan, Vaccinium uliginosum L. and others). A high percentage of rare species of flora found in the park is typical of natural ecosystems. There are very rare Boreal (Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub) and Central European (Carex bohemica Schreb measure preservation) species. The list of regionally rare species was quite significant comprising a considerable proportion of species dominating plant communities, especially wetland ecosystems. Further studies of the flora will increase the number of species of flora rarity components, and find new areas of rare species. The findings of the research will be used to inventory the flora of National park "Small Polissia" and to determine the types of habitat by establishing ecological network. The park is characterized by relatively unspoilt flora and features a variety of habitats promoting phytodiversity.