Теорія і практика загальної фізичної підготовки старшокласників загальноосвітніх шкіл України (1932–2011 рр.)

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена дослідженню проблеми розвитку теорії та практики загальної фізичної підготовки учнів старшої середньої школи в історико-педагогічній ретроспективі. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методичні засади ґенези загальної фізичної підготовки учнів старшого шкільного віку протягом 1932–2011 рр. Визначено й розкрито суспільно-політичні, змістовно-організаційні чинники впливу на розвиток системи загальної фізичної підготовки учнів у досліджуваний період. Виокремлено в історії розвитку загальної фізичної підготовки учнів українських ЗОШ протягом 1932–2011 років такі періоди: І період (1932–1951 рр.) – становлення системи фізичної підготовки учнів старшої ланки української середньої школи; ІІ період (1951–1991 рр.) – спортизація шкільної фізичної підготовки; ІІІ період (1991–2011 рр.) – модернізація змісту, форм і методів фізичної підготовки відповідно до національних традицій фізичного виховання. Визначено можливості творчого використання конструктивного історичного досвіду загальної фізичної підготовки учнів в умовах сучасного реформування загальноосвітньої школи.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию проблемы развития теории и практики общей физической подготовки учащихся старшей средней школы в историко-педагогической ретроспективе. Обоснованы теоретико-методические принципы генезиса общей физической подготовки учеников старшего школьного возраста в течение 1932–2011 гг. Определены и раскрыты общественно-политические, содержательно-организационные факторы влияния на развитие системы общей физической подготовки учащихся в исследуемый период. Выделены в истории развития общей физической подготовки учеников украинских общеобразовательных школ в течении 1932–2011 годов следующие периоды: I период (1932–1951 гг.) – становление системы физической подготовки учащихся старшего звена украинской средней школы; II период (1951–1991 гг.) – спортизация школьной физической подготовки; III период (1991–2011 гг.) – модернизация содержания, форм и методов физической подготовки в соответствии с национальными традициями физического воспитания. Определены возможности творческого использования конструктивного исторического опыта общей физической подготовки учащихся в условиях современного реформирования общеобразовательной школы.

Dissertation focuses on the problems of the theory and practice of general physical training of senior secondary schools students as open dynamic systems in historical and pedagogical retrospect. The importance of physical training overall value of the younger generation not only as the economic potential of Ukraine, but also as part of strengthening the nation's health, confirmed in a number of government documents. On the basis of documentary base, analysis of the theory and practices of schools and the sector of physical culture and sport defined and disclosed socio-political content and organizational factors influence the development of general physical training of students in the study period reasonably genesis determinants, content, form, means and methods of general physical training of Ukrainian students of secondary schools in 1932–2011. The conceptual basis of research possible to reconstruct a complete "historiographical image" of the history of general physical training of senior secondary schools students in Ukrainian territory and find out practical deployment process by soviet historiography (1932–1991) and the latest period (1991-2011). In a defined logic research proved informative, legal and organizational changes taking place in the school education of Ukraine in 1932–2011. The use of complementary set of theoretical research methods (search and heuristic, bibliography, historiography, genetic) systematized and classified philosophical, psychological, educational, medical and physiological sources, government documents on the issue of general physical preparation of students, determined the dynamics and trends of the process of accumulation of teaching and different literature development of the theory and practice of physical training of students of secondary schools, found the origins and factors of scientific and pedagogical ideas and views on the theoretical basis of general physical training high school students, generally based on factual material synthesis events and phenomena, information and facts to identify trends and the prospects for reforming the system of physical training high school students. Defined scientific research foundation gave reason to develop the theory and practice of general physical training of senior secondary schools students seen as an open process of gradual change, which reflects the historical evolution of the state and society, the content and methodology of secondary education in Ukraine. On the ground of complex systems analysis in the history of general physical training of Ukrainian students in secondary schools during 1932–2011 the following periods were singled out: I period (1932–1951) – becoming the system of physical training of Ukrainian senior secondary school students (with military and patriotic – 1932–1945 years and recovery – 1946–1951 years subperiods); II period (1951–1991) – sport improvement of school physical training (with sports and mass – 1951–1958 years, educational and legislative – 1958–1984 years, and reform – 1984–1990 years subperiods); III period (1991–2011) – modernization of content, forms and methods of physical training in accordance with national traditions of physical education (with conceptual and strategic – 1991–2002 and standardized – 2002–2011 subperiods). The general causes (external socio-political conditions, internal educational and regulatory, organizational and methodological factors, the attention of the state to ensure an adequate level of physical preparation of young people, the constant search for ways to optimize physical education students) and leading trends (fluctuating reform relatively dynamic improvement constructive shift in the content, objectives and functions, increase motivation exercise) that determined reform of general physical training of senior secondary schools students in certain chronological limits. Through a comprehensive analysis of the educational process of secondary school and practice of extracurricular activities with senior students determined the choice of priorities forms (morning gymnastics, motor breaks between classes, sports, fitness holidays) and assets (physical exercise, hardening) of total physical training of senior secondary schools students during 1932–2011. Thanks to the constructive analysis the possibilities of creative use of modern reform of secondary schools in Ukraine productive ideas of historical and educational experience overall physical training of senior secondary schools students (the mechanism of rapid and flexible response system of physical education of students on educational innovation; extrapolation of domestic and foreign experience problems in theory and the practice of physical education). The study of primary sources (copyright texts and archival documents) allowed to specify the contribution of national scientists, statesmen and educators and practitioners to the theory and practice of general physical training of senior secondary schools students. Extensive analysis of the theoretical basis of general physical training of students gave reason to consider the general physical training of students as polyaspect phenomenon, defined as the purpose and process activity and its results.