Архетипи ідеального довкілля в українському пейзажі ХІХ століття

Abstract

У статті розглянуто образ ідеального довкілля в українському пластичному мистецтві ХІХ ст. шляхом виокремлення та аналізу архетипових образів у творах пейзажного жанру. Охарактеризовано систему образів культурного ландшафту з точки зору відображення в них українського просторового архетипу. Встановлено, що образне втілення національної самосвідомості відіграло ключову роль у формуванні ідеального образу довкілля у пейзажних творах українських митців ХІХ ст.

В статье рассмотрено образ идеальной окружающей среды в украинском пластическом искусстве XIX в. путем выделения и анализа архетиповых образов в произведениях пейзажного жанра. Охарактеризовано систему образов культурного ландшафта с точки зрения отражения в них украинского пространственного архетипа. Установлено, что образное воплощение национального самосознания сыграло ключевую роль в формировании идеального образа окружающей среды в пейзажных произведениях украинских художников XIX в.

This article deals with the image of the ideal environment in the Ukrainian plastic arts of the nineteenth century that was singled out by the means of isolation and analysis of archetypal images in the works of the landscape genre. The system of cultural landscape images is characterized from the point of view of the Ukrainian spatial archetype. It is stated that the imaginative implementation of Ukrainian identity played the key role in forming the image of the perfect surrounding in landscape works of nineteenth-century Ukrainian artists. Exploring art dedicated ideal environment created by national and professional artists, who have made a significant contribution to the formation of the national culture will identify key ideological and artistic and aesthetic basis of their creativity. In order to trace the perfect surrounding image in the Ukrainian plastic arts of the nineteenth century we study the works of the landscape genre not thinking of the landscape as the exterior appearance of some area but as a concept that belongs to the cultural sphere. In the meaning of the cultural landscape concept, which is based on the interaction of culture and nature, we are interested in the statement that as landscape symbols carry ideals and values of culture, the image of the perfect surrounding of any age is founded on the cultural landscape. Picturesque Ukrainian landscapes got attracted attention of many artists only with the reinforcement of realistic tendencies in the nineteenth century, when profound changes in the reproduction of nature took place. In the article the natural environment is considered as an important factor of formation of the world view of the Ukrainian people and the image of the ideal environment in the Ukrainian plastic arts of the nineteenth century. In the artists’ conceptual picture of the world one can identify images that acquire symbolic meaning. In particular, the characteristics of the natural landscape in its perception by the Ukrainians formed the basis of archetypal motifs of a steppe, a road, a windmill, a river, a house, which form the image of the ideal environment in the Ukrainian plastic arts of the nineteenth century. Besides, folk imagination tends to poeticize nature, when trivial is considered as superb. Therefore the artists of the nineteenth century finely feeling beauty of the Ukrainian landscape and trying to find harmony in trivial things formed the system of images of the Ukrainian cultural landscape.