Організація транспортного обслуговування туристів в умовах підвищених безпекових ризиків

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано організацію безпечного транспортного обслуговування туристів в умовах підвищених ризиків, зокрема в контексті воєнного стану в Україні. Окреслено класифікацію основних видів безпекових загроз, таких як військові дії, ДТП, пандемічні обмеження та природні катаклізми. Розглядаються організаційні заходи з мінімізації ризиків: планування безпечних маршрутів, застосування ІТ-рішень, підготовка персоналу та страхування; європейський досвід управління ризиками та українські кейси адаптації туристичних перевезень, а також рекомендації щодо впровадження стандартів безпеки, "розумного" транспорту та участі громад у формуванні безпечного туристичного середовища.

The article examines the organizational and logistical principles of tourist transport services under conditions of increased security risks caused by military operations, technological threats, pandemics, and natural disasters. It emphasizes that safe transportation is a key factor in the competitiveness and sustainability of the tourism industry, particularly under martial law in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of legal acts, a comparison of international and national practices, and case studies of Ukrainian tourist companies, the study identifies the main challenges and directions for improving safety logistics in tourism. It is found that the modern system of tourist transportation faces multiple threats, including military and terrorist risks, road accidents, pandemic restrictions, and climatic anomalies. The paper presents a classification of these risks and outlines their impact on tourist mobility, transportation costs, and destination image. It is argued that effective risk management requires an integrated approach encompassing the planning of safe routes, digital monitoring of vehicles, insurance, staff training, and coordination with government agencies and emergency services. The study analyzes the experience of EU countries in implementing safety standards (ISO 39001, ISO 31000), developing “smart” transport systems, and applying crisis management and risk assessment tools. It also highlights examples of how Ukrainian tour operators have adapted to wartime conditions through IT solutions, backup routes, mobile safety applications, and partnerships with local communities. The results suggest that the integration of Smart Mobility technologies, risk management systems, and mandatory safety briefings represents a strategic direction for the development of tourist transport. The proposed organizational measures can be applied by tour operators, carriers, local authorities, and state institutions to enhance the efficiency and reliability of tourist transportation in crisis and post-war conditions. As a result of the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the safety of transport services in tourism, the following conclusions can be drawn: Transport services are a key component of the tourism infrastructure, on which the quality, safety and attractiveness of tourist services largely depend. In conditions of increased security risks, especially in Ukraine during martial law, the organization of transportation requires a comprehensive approach taking into account the operational situation, logistics, briefings and technical readiness. The main risks for tourist transportation are: military threats, terrorist attacks, road accidents, pandemics, natural disasters and difficult weather conditions. To reduce risks, it is necessary to implement a number of organizational measures: planning safe routes, using IT solutions (GPS, tracking), insurance, briefings, personnel training and close cooperation with security agencies. World and European experience shows that the integration of intelligent transport systems and security standards is a promising direction of development. Ukrainian tourism companies are already adapting their activities to new realities, implementing crisis management practices, evacuation tourism, and community partnerships. The results of the study can be used by tour operators and carriers to improve route safety management systems; by government agencies to develop strategies for the development of safe tourism and regulatory acts; by higher education institutions to train tourism and transport professionals; by communities to plan local tourism logistics and interact with businesses in emergency situations; and by scientists to conduct further research in the field of security, logistics, and tourism in crises.