Становлення і розвиток Української Католицької Церкви у Канаді (кінець ХІХ – друга половина ХХ ст.)

Abstract

У дисертації на основі комплексного аналізу архівних та опублікованих матеріалів здійснено концептуально-системний аналіз становлення і розвитку Української Католицької Церкви у Канаді впродовж кінця ХІХ – другої половини ХХ ст. Проаналізовано напрями та форми впливу Російської Православної Місії і протестантських конфесій на українських іммігрантів у Канаді, характер суперечностей між греко-католицькими громадами та римо-католицькими ієрархами, які спонукали Святий Престол до канонічного обґрунтування права греко-католиків на створення своєї Церкви. Досліджено особливості розселення українських іммігрантів, динаміку заснування парафій УКЦ і використання різних церковних календарів упродовж досліджуваного періоду.

In the dissertation, formation and development of the Ukrainian Catholic Church (UCC) in Canada during in the end of the XIX – second half of the XX century was analyzed based on available archival and published materials. The main stages of the UCC development were identified and the author’s periodization was proposed. This study revealed that at the beginning of the development of UCC in Canada, establishment of parishes was slow because of proselytizing activities of the Russian Orthodox Movement and Protestants. It was shown that the Holy See was forced to seek canonical substantiation of the right of Greek Catholics to establish their own Church for several reasons including the disagreement between Ukrainian immigrants and the Catholic clergy in Canada, the restriction of the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Galicia, mandatory сlerical celibacy, and the necessity of the appointment of Ukrainian bishop for Greek Catholic communities. The study highlighted the circumstances and process of appointment of N. Budka, the first Ukrainian bishop in Canada and analyzed his activity that determined the most important aspects of church organization and the main features of religious life of immigrants. Further, activities of Bishop В. Ladyka and Metropolitan M. Germaniuk and their effect on the process of the UCC development has been characterized. The reasons for the transformation of the Ordinariate for the Ruthenians in Canada into the Apostolic Exarhates followed by the establishment of the Exarchates of Central, Eastern, and Western Canada that preceded the establishment of Exarhates of Winnipeg, Edmonton, Saskatoon, Toronto and Eastern Canada were analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the conference-synodal development of the UCC. The study revealed connections between Cardinal J. Slipyi’s right to convene the Synod of Bishops of the UCC, the the need for the patriarchal status of the UCC, and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Archbishop outside his metropolitan territory. It has been found that the idea of the creation of a patriarchal structure of the UCC received widespread support among believers and clergy and subsequently revolved into a patriarchal movement. Finally, this study highlighted the main features of the settlement of Ukrainian immigrants, coupled with the dynamics of the establishment of parishes and differences in usage of Julian and Gregorian Calendars.