Національні природні парки Поділля у системі регіональних рекреаційних мереж

Abstract

В рамках концепції про регіональну туристсько рекреаційну систему розглянуто роль і місце національних природних парків Поділля, їх просторово-функціональні особливості, структуру функціональних зон, розподіл земельних угідь, функціонально-планувальні елементи регіональної туристсько-рекреаційної системи Поділля. Розкрита функціональна роль і значення п’яти НПП Поділля: Кременецькі гори, Мале Полісся, Дністровський каньйон, Подільські товтри, Кармалюкове Поділля.

Within the framework of the concept of a regional tourist and recreational system, the role and place of the national natural parks of Podillya, their spatial and functional features, the structure of functional zones, the distribution of land as functional and planning elements of the regional tourist and recreational system of Podillya are considered. The functional role and significance of five NNPs of Podillya are revealed: Kremenetski Gory, Male Polissya, Dniester Canyon, Podilski Tovtry, Karmalyukove Podillya. The main attention is paid to the analysis of functional zones as the ability of national parks to perform basic reserve and recreational functions. Violations of legislative and legal norms, in particular the Regulations on the Project for the Organization of the National Natural Park Territory during the creation of the NNP "Podilski Tovtry", are revealed. The share of recreational zones is 5.45% with a norm of 50.0%, the reserve zone is 0.61%, with a norm of about 20%, the economic zone of the park occupies 94.94% of its territory with a norm of 20.0 - 30.0%. It turns out that the largest NPP of Ukraine in terms of area was created by including mainly agricultural landscapes, residential landscapes, industrial and road infrastructure in its composition. More than 70% of the park's landscapes are unsuitable for recreational use, due to their plowing, building up, low aesthetic appeal and environmental safety. A number of organizational and environmental problems of national natural parks are unresolved, namely: - the problem of functioning within the territories of parks of an excessive number of industrial and agricultural enterprises; - lack of productive cooperation between the NNP teams and the leadership, residents of local territorial communities in the development and implementation of joint projects, park development programs; - laying of roads with hard gravel surface in NNPs with poorly developed transport infrastructure; - inclusion of representatives of local governments in the scientific and technical councils of parks, etc. National natural parks require constant reform in accordance with the basic regulatory provisions and documents, paying attention to the peculiarities of development, their place and role in the regional tourist and recreational system. It is noted that the development of tourism and recreation is accompanied by the creation of appropriate infrastructure, the development of tourist routes, the development of new recreation areas, the formation of a specific tourist product. This progressive development requires the development of a special territorial development strategy, the mechanism for the implementation of which should be the landscape planning procedure. The need to determine the spatial boundaries of the compositional elements of tourist and recreational systems is dictated by the expediency of comparing them with the landscape structure of the territory and analyzing the adequacy of the legal regime of land and nature use.