Аналіз вітрового режиму Луцька в контексті регіональних проявів кліматичних змін

Abstract

У статті підведено підсумки проведеного авторами дослідження показників вітрового режиму у м. Луцьку протягом 50-річного періоду 1970 – 2020 рр. Виділено три періоди з характерним типом вітрового режиму, оцінено динаміку його показників в останні десятиліття, в контексті регіональних проявів змін клімату. Окремо здійснено інструментальні вимірювання та аналіз показників вітрового профілю в зоні впливу Будинку-вулика, найбільшого житлового будинку Європи, для оцінки впливу складних архітектурних комплексів на мікрокліматичні особливості вітрового режиму у місті.

Introduction. Setting objectives. The environment of our life activities, its comfort and favorability largely depend on the parameters of the microclimate. One of these parameters is the wind mode. The scientific study is devoted to the topical issues of studying the wind regime of Lutsk during the last 50 years in the context of global climate changes and microclimatic features of the wind profile in the area of influence of the Beehive House. Purpose of the article. The purpose of the work is to study the wind regime in the city of Lutsk, its ecological impact, bio-ecological impact on humans and changes occurring in the context of global warming processes and restructuring of the typical course of meteorological indicators in the region. Results of the research: Changes in the wind regime of Lutsk during 1971-2020 were determined; three periods with different nature of indicators are highlighted; the peculiarities of the city's influence on the wind regime and the reverse influence of the wind on the city's microclimate were evaluated using the example of studying the wind profile in the area of influence of the Beehive House; a number of graphs, diagrams, tables were built; a number of measures are proposed that will help improve the ecological condition of the city's territory in the context of climate change. The wind regime of the city of Lutsk is formed under the influence of general circulation factors, as well as the nature of the underlying surface, the type of urban development, the topography of the city, available green areas and water bodies. In general, the wind regime of Lutsk is favorable, average wind speeds vary between 3.5-4.0 m/s, maximum gusts reach 16-20 m/s, during the year the prevailing winds are from the west, north-west, south-west directions, which is consistent with the general type of westerly transfer of air masses. The development of the city, its shape, location, configuration of individual buildings has a significant impact on the wind profile, as research in the area adjacent to the Beehive House has shown. The study of the annual dynamics of average wind speeds for 1971-2020 showed that three different periods can be distinguished in this time interval: the first period: 1971-1981, had a wind regime typical of the climatic norm, with average annual speeds of 3-3.3 m/s and increased maximum wind speeds. The second period: 1982-2000, had uneven dynamics of average annual wind speeds, their increase or decrease in individual years by 30-50% compared to the norm; the nature of the maximum values of wind speeds was also uneven. The third period: 2001-2020, which continues, is characterized by a decrease in average annual and average maximum wind speeds by 10-20% below the climatic norm, smoothed nature of the wind regime in the city. This is, in general, a favorable wind regime for human health and wellbeing and for carrying out economic activities of various kinds. The scientific novelty: for the first time for the city of Lutsk, a comprehensive statistical and graphic analysis of wind regime indicators and their changes over 50 years (1971 - 2020) was carried out, and the features of the impact on the microclimate of a complex architectural structure - the Beehive House, the largest residential building in Europe - were assessed. Practical significance: the results of the conducted research can be used in educational and training activities, to solve the tasks of planning the urban area, planning the construction of new industrial facilities or increasing the capacities of existing ones, building and reconstruction of quarters and microdistricts of the city of Lutsk, to assess the wind energy potential, to assess the spread of pollutants substances from generators, many of which appeared in our city this winter due to the war, from communal and industrial facilities.