Еколого-господарський стан земельних ресурсів Кам’янець-Подільського району Хмельницької області

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано особливості агроекологічного стану земельних ресурсів Кам’янець-Подільського району. Досліджено структуру сільськогосподарських угідь району, екологічний стан, екологічну стійкість земельних ресурсів. Встановлено територіальні відмінності в структурі землекористування ТГ Кам’янець-Подільського району. Основним видом землекористування на території всіх ТГ є сільськогосподарське про що свідчить високий рівень сільськогосподарської освоєності території (76,3 %). Визначено та проаналізовано антропогенне навантаження в межах Кам’янець-Подільського району.

The peculiarities of the agro ecological state of land resources of Kamianets Podilskyi district have been analyzed in the article. The structure of the agricultural lands of the district, the ecological condition and ecological sustainability of land resources has been studied. The territorial differences in the land use structure in Kamiantes-Podilskyi TC have been defined. Based on the conducted research we have found out the main type the land use within all the TC of the district is the agricultural, which is evidenced by the high level of agricultural development (76,3 %). The highest rate of agricultural development is in Chemerivtsi TC (84 %). In the structure of agricultural lands the largest part in all TCs is taken up by arable land. The agricultural lands dominate in the structure of the land fund and take up 358,20 thousand ha. Arable land takes up 223,4 thousand ha, perennial plantations – 19,5 thousand ha, pastures and hayfields – 89,9 thousands ha, fallow lands – 0,37 thousand ha, agricultural buildings – 7,59 thousand ha. Based on such indicators as the structure of agricultural land, the area of arable land, and the area of agricultural land we have analyzed the intensity and the level of agricultural development and plowed territory of the district. A significant area within the district is occupied by agricultural land – 333,2 thousand ha. The largest share in the structure of agricultural land is occupied by arable land – 67,2 %. The share of hayfields and pastures is 26,8 %, and perennial plantations – 5,8 %. The high share of arable land (67,2 %) in the structure of agricultural land and the agricultural development (76,3 %) of the territory of the district affects the structure of the land fund of both the individual TCs and the district overall and determines the efficiency of the use of land resources. In the structure of agricultural land, hayfields and pastures occupy smaller areas than arable land (34.402,8 ha and 55.576,5 ha, respectively). The share of these lands in the structure of agricultural lands is 26,8 %. Within the district, there is a certain territorial differentiation in terms of indicators of the ecological state, ecological sustainability and anthropogenic transformation. The average index of ecological sustainability of land resources for the Kamianets-Podilskyi district is 0,81. Thus, the land resources of the district can be attributed to the group of conditionally sustainable. Anthropogenic transformation within Kamianets-Podilsky district varies from the maximum of 7,5 in Kamianets-Podilskyi TC to the minimum in Orynyn TC – 5,9. When analyzing the territorial features of the location of the TC according to this indicator, it has been found out that the southern and eastern parts of the district have an average level of anthropogenic transformation. The average indicator of anthropogenic transformation within the district is 6,27. The following pattern is observed between the indicators of ecological sustainability and anthropogenic transformation: in TCs where anthropogenic transformation is very strong, the ecological sustainability of land is low (non-sustainable land). Conservation and reproduction of land resources is especially relevant for the Podilia region, including the Kamianets-Podilskyi district, as land resources are the main type of resources here. The basis of the balanced use of land resources is the combination of their functions: ecological, economic and social.