Перспективні моделі заповідної і екологічної мереж територіальних громад Чортківського району

Abstract

У публікації основна увага привернута удосконаленню функціонально-просторової структури заповідної і екологічної мереж адміністративного району(АР). Виокремлено ключові і сполучні території в межах ландшафтних районів, означені перспективні заповідні об’єкти, елементи екомереж територіальних громад (ТГ). Розраховані показники наявної і перспективної заповідності ТГ, АР. Створено інтегральну картосхему- модель заповідної і екологічної мереж.

In the publication, the main attention is drawn to the improvement of the functional and spatial structure of the protected and ecological networks of the administrative district (AR). The problem of the degree of conservation of territories became especially relevant after the implementation of the decentralization reform, because in some administrative districts and territorial communities the level of conservation is 0.5-5%, while the average district indicator is 13.98%. It was established that protected areas in the Chortkiv administrative district are represented by 10 of the 11 protected categories available in Ukraine. The situation with local fragments of eco-networks and basic protected objects is the most problematic. The degree of protection at the level of territorial communities in 72.7% does not meet the established nature protection norms (more than 10%). The eco-network concept was implemented in Ukraine at the national and regional levels in the period from 2000 to 2015. Despite the expiration of the Law of Ukraine "On the Statewide Program for the Formation and Development of the National Ecological Network for the Period 2000-2015", a number of tasks at the level of new administrative districts and territorial communities remained unresolved within the framework of the program. Precisely those levels at which the basic elements of eco-networks receive their metric reflection and the eco-network system is filled with concrete content. With these elements, it is possible to carry out renaturalization measures, set aside the width of nature protection zones within river Eco corridors, restore the connection between the constituent parts of key territories, establish configurations and fix the boundaries of protective territories on the terrain, etc. Therefore, it can be assumed that instead of office modeling of national and regional eco-network schemes, the stage of substantiation and selection on the ground (visual modeling) begins. At the same time, it is necessary to include not only areas of natural vegetation in the composition of elements of eco-network models, but also the configuration of numerous promising territories and objects proposed for creation by local specialists in nature protection, environmental activists of territorial communities. The proposed small-scale promising nature reserves and natural monuments (98 positions) will allow to increase the protection of territorial communities, and from the positions of their role in the eco-network of AR will form a new configuration of connecting and protective territories (submeridional direction) such as: Zolotolipsk regional, Baryeka local, Koropetsk local, Strip regional, Dzhuryn local, Seret regional, Nichlav local, Zbrut regional, Dniester national sublatitudinal connecting territory, Tovtrova regional (sub-latitudinal), New key and connecting territories within landscape areas have been identified, promising protected objects, elements of eco-networks of local importance have been identified. At the same time, the prospect of creating protected areas with an area of more than 100 hectares (Table 2) within six territorial communities will provide an opportunity to design key territories at the regional and local levels. The indicators of existing and prospective protected areas of territorial communities, administrative districts were calculated, taking into account the creation of prospective protected areas and objects (98 units). The most significant changes in the basic elements of regional networks will take place within the connecting territories of the regional and local levels, territorial communities. An integrated map scheme-model of protected and ecological networks with promising protected objects, new local key and connecting territories has been created, which will contribute to the introduction of a territorially differentiated approach to the optimal landscape and ecological organization of the territory. The eco-network of the Chortkiv administrative district represents the rank of a subsystem of the regional econetwork of the Ternopil region. Its basic structural elements are: 2 key territories of national rank (Medoborska and Zalishchytska), 5 key territories of regional rank (Yablunivska, "Dacha Galileya", Shuparska, promising Baryska, Skala- Podilska, Borschivska, Koropetska, Serednyoseretska) and local rank (Nad Dzhurynom, Chahor, Moklekiv, "Forest Mordova"). The connecting national territory is Dnistrovsk, regional ones (Tovtrova, Zbrutska, Seretska, Stripska, Zolotolypska). Local connecting territories will be (Bpriska, Dzhurynska, Nichlavska, Seretsko-Zbruska). In connection with the creation and prospect of creation of new protected territories and objects, there will be a change in the configuration of mainly capital and protective territories, as well as the filling of protected objects in territorial communities (Koropetska, Zolotopoticska, Zalishchytska, Chortkivska, Husyatynska). The formation of updated models of protected and ecological networks of the administrative district will contribute to the optimization of the landscape and ecological organization of the territory.