Особистість у філософсько-просвітницькій спадщині Григорія Сковороди: психологічний аспект

Abstract

У статті здійснено психолого-теоретичний аналіз людинознавчої проблематики у філософсько- просвітницькій спадщині Г. Сковороди, розкрито психологічні аспекти феномену особистості на основі вчення видатного філософа з позицій сучасної вітчизняної психологічної науки. Визначено також психологічний зміст та специфіку головних категорій філософії українського мислителя: щастя, «сродної праці», «філософії серця», самопізнання, вільнодумства тощо.

new rethinking of the problem of the individual based on the philosophical and educational teachings of the national thinker H. Skovoroda is gaining special importance. It will provide an opportunity to reveal psychological aspects of the individual's personal formation and find new approaches to the realization of the fateful tasks of a person's life path. The purpose of the research is to conduct psychological and theoretical analysis of humanities issues in the philosophical and educational heritage of H. Skovoroda, to determine the psychological content and specificity of the main categories of doctrine of the outstanding Ukrainian thinker and to show their methodological significance for modern psychological science. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization and interpretation of the theoretical theses of humanities issues of the philosophical and educational heritage of H. Skovoroda in the context of Ukrainian psychological science. Originality. In the context of the human-centric paradigm (V. Kremen) through the category of personality in Ukrainian psychology, the interpretation of the phenomena of the Skovoroda person-spirituality, freedom, creativity as the basis of the Ukrainian mentality in the 21st century is given and its relevance for today is presented. On the basis of Skovoroda's ethical and humanistic concept, the self-determination of the man like a Creator as a subject of life creation in modern psychological research, directions, schools, and concepts is substantiated. H. Skovoroda's views in the context of the "genesis of personality realization" (S. Maksymenko) in anthropological, ontological, epistemological and axiological scientific angles are revealed. The worldview positions of the humanist and philosopher through a holistic understanding of the personality phenomenon as central to humanities in general and academic and practical Ukrainian psychology in particular are highlighted. The key idea of Skovoroda's philosophical heritage of the creation of a person through self-knowledge, "related" work, attitude to God and philosophizing as the highest manifestation of human life in modern conditions is represented. Conclusions. The fundamental guidelines of the "art of living" of Skovoroda are a kind of reference points for the development of a reflexive perception by the young generation in Ukraine of the democratic values of independence, freedom of the "Life-creating Spirit". The views and ideas of a prominent Ukrainian thinker are the necessary source-based treasury of worldview ideology regarding the formation of national and civic consciousness, renewal of the trails and origins of the authentic, full of individual meaning of the life of Ukrainian women and men in the civilized world.