Вплив метаболічно активних речовин на структуру врожаю та врожайність озимого жита сортів Синтетик 38 і Забава

Abstract

У статті наведено порівняльну характеристику впливу композицій метаболічно активних речовин на основі вітаміну Е, параоксибензойної кислоти (ПОБК) і метіоніну; вітаміну Е, ПОБК, метіоніну і магній сульфату (MgSO4); вітаміну Е та убіхінону-10 на формування площі листкової пластинки рослин, продуктивне кущення, компонентів структури врожаю та біологічну врожайність рослин озимого жита сортів Синтетик 38 і Забава. Встановлено, що передпосівна обробка насіння композиціями метаболічно активних речовин призводить до зростання площі листкової пластинки, формування продуктивних стебел, довжини колоса, кількості та маси насінин у колосі, маси 1000 насінин, а також біологічної врожайності рослин озимого жита обох сортів. Найефективнішою за досліджуваними показниками в рослин озимого жита обох сортів виявилася композиція вітамін Е + ПОБК + метіонін + магній сульфат.

The aim of the work is to study the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with compositions of metabolically active substances on the structure of yield and yield of winter rye plants Varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava in the South-Eastern Polissya of Ukraine. The material of the study was the seeds of winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava and compositions of metabolically active substances: vitamin E (10-8 М), paraoxybenzoic acid (PABX) (0.001 %), methionine (0.001 %), ubiquinone-10 (10-8 М) and MgSO4 (0.001 %) in the following combinations - vitamin E (10-8 М) + paraoxybenzoic acid (0.001 %) + methionine (0.001 %) (EPM), vitamin E (10-8 М) + paraoxybenzoic acid (0.001 %) ) + methionine (0.001 %) + MgSO4 (0.001 %) (EPMMg), vitamin E (10-8 М) + ubiquinone-10 (10-8 М) (EQ). The positive effect of pre-sowing treatment of winter rye seeds with compositions of metabolically active compounds, namely EPM, EPMMg and EQ on plant development during the growing season affected the formation of productive stems in winter rye plants of Synthetic 38 and Zabava varieties. The largest number of productive stems in plants of both varieties was formed using the composition EPMMg. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the studied compositions of metabolically active compounds also affected the main indicators of crop structure, namely there was an increase in ear length, number of grains in the ear, grain weight in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, but to varying degrees. The largest number of grains in the ear and their mass were formed by plants of both varieties by pre-sowing seed treatment with EPMMg composition. The largest mass of 1000 grains was also formed by plants of both studied varieties by presowing treatment with EPMMg composition. Accordingly, the biological yield of winter rye in the experimental group with pre-sowing treatment with EPMMg composition was the highest for plants of both varieties. Analysis of the yield structure of winter rye showed higher yields when using a composition of metabolically active compounds EPMMg due to such elements as productive tillering, the number of grains in the ear, and the weight of 1000 grains. It is obvious that the demonstrated increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) and the area of the leaf blade also contributes to the formation of plants with higher biological yields. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment with metabolically active compounds can be considered an effective method of agricultural technology, which has a positive effect on the size of the crop structure and the yield of winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava. Substances that have shown their effectiveness can be used as components of stimulants.