Геоекологічні дослідження басейну південного Бугу в межах Вінницької області

Abstract

Басейн Південного Бугу займає більшу частину Вінницької області та протікає поблизу як промислових об’єктів, так і сільськогосподарських угідь. Тому автор на основі геоекологічних досліджень розробив просторову модель - картосхему, яка виокремлює результати та відображає їх в межах даної області. Так як Вінницька область є регіоном старого сільскогосподарського освоєння, то внаслідок значного впливу даного напряму та через значну інтенсифікацію (з використанням різних агрохімікатів) сільського господарства відбувається погіршення якості поверхневих вод. В статті наведено продовження результатів досліджень автора та подальші напрями його наукової діяльності щодо стану басейну Південного Бугу та прилеглих до нього територій.

The Southern Bug basin occupies most of the Vinnytsia region and flows near both industrial facilities and agricultural land. Therefore, the author based on geoecological research has developed a spatial model - a map that identifies the results and displays them within this area. Since Vinnytsia region is a region of old agricultural development, due to the significant impact of this area and due to significant intensification (using various agrochemicals) of agriculture, the quality of surface waters is deteriorating. The article presents the continuation of the results of the author's research and further directions of his scientific activity on the state of the Southern Bug basin and adjacent territories. According to the results of research, the author determined that the formation of sulfate ions, along with natural factors, is to some extent influenced by anthropogenic factors, especially the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. In the summer-autumn and winter lows the content of sulfate ions in the water of the Southern Bug increases relatively. For Cl ions, the distribution by seasons of the year is somewhat different. Thus, in the spring floods the highest values are characteristic of the Udych River - 51.3 mg / dm3, their content in the water of the left-bank tributaries increases even more - from 30.7 mg / dm3 (Sob River) to 73.5 (Southern River) Bug - the village of Stavki). In general, the content of chloride ions varies less. The growth of mineralization is more noticeable in the rivers Rudka and Pivdennyi Bug (the village of Stavky), but the salt content does not exceed the permissible levels. For all years of observations, the average annual pH value did not exceed regulatory requirements. The highest water color is observed in the Udych River (32-40 °) both in winter and in summer-autumn lowlands and in spring floods, as well as high values were found in the waters of the Southern Bug River - 28 ° (Khmilnyk, c. Betting). Exceedance of the maximum concentration limit BSC5 was observed at all observation points. Therefore, the waters of the Southern Bug according to this indicator can be considered quite polluted. According to this classification, moderately hard (3.0 –6.0 mmol / dm³) include the waters of the rivers: Snivoda, Desna, Sob, Pivdennyi Bug (Stavky village); to hard (6.0-9.0 mmol / dm3) the following rivers: Udych, Ustya, Rudka, Southern Bug (Vinnytsia, Ladyzhyn, Khmilnyk). The content of nitrites in the waters of the rivers of the Southern Bug basin fluctuates. In spring floods the values are slightly higher than the summer-autumn lows, in winter the lows are slightly increased. The content of nitrates is not higher than the MPC, compared to other observation points, the highest values were found in the Southern Bug (Ladyzhyn) - 16 - 18.6 mg / dm3. Exceedances of the maximum concentration limit for phosphorus were not observed. The content of iron (Fezag) is an excess of the MPC and these indicators were found at almost all observation points. Seasonal changes in Cu concentrations were not detected. The content of Mn slightly exceeded the MPC in the spring floods in the waters of the Udych River and the Southern Bug River. The odor of surface waters fluctuated depending on the temperature value, in particular, in the summer-autumn period the average values are the highest - 3-4 points, and in winter - the lowest - 0-1 points. Turbidity at almost all observation points exceeds the MPC, surface waters are turbid.