Демографічні особливості розвитку села Рисв’янка Рівненської області

Abstract

В статті представлено результати дослідження особливостей історичної динаміки кількості дворів та чисельності мешканців села Рисв’янка Рівненської області. Наведено основні причини зміни демографічних показників. Детально проаналізовано несприятливу віково-статеву структуру населення станом на 2021 р. На основі аналізу внутрішніх і зовнішніх міграцій висвітлено територіальну диференціацію розселення колишніх рисв’янців в Україні та за її межами.

It is well known that an important factor in the development of society in almost all areas (political, economic, scientific, technical, cultural, etc.) is the demographic component. Therefore, to make timely and correct decisions in various areas you need to have complete and reliable information demographic data. And such data should apply to the whole country, its regions, and each individual settlement. The article presents the results of a study of the historical dynamics of the number of households and the number of inhabitants of the small village of Rysvyanka, Rivne region, during 1780-2021. The used chart constructions quite clearly reflect the corresponding tendencies in change of a demographic situation during the marked time (only 12 time slices). Such a chronological view with a brief historical background seems justified, because according to modern synergetic ideas, any event has informational germs in the past. Statistical results were presented by the author on the basis of his research of various archival materials of the late eighteenth - mid twentieth century (inventories, diocesan information, audit tales, church-metric books, confessional information, registers, etc.) and own censuses of villagers (surveys) in the late twentieth - early twentieth century. The collected material is considered sufficient for the formation of a representative information base and the implementation of the study. The unfavorable age and sex structure of the population as of 2021 has been analyzed in detail. It is noticeable that the age situation in the village is unfavorable and according to this type of structures the Rysvians belong to the elderly population. For example, the share of residents under the age of 40 is only 43%, which is quite low. Although in general the gender structure is more or less favorable (men - 46.5%, women - 53.5%), the inharmonious ratio of males and females in the vast majority of age groups is striking. Unfortunately, no real prospects for improving the demographic situation in Rysvyanka have been identified so far. Relatively short distance to Rivne (15 km in a straight line), inconvenient transport connections (total distance of paved roads is more than 25 km, many areas for travel are problematic), complete lack of industrial and agricultural facilities (and as a result, the problem employment) have for many decades become the main factors of active outflows of the population both to the regional center and to other regions of Ukraine and European countries. Moreover, almost all internal and external migrations are irreversible. The territorial differentiation of the settlement of former villagers in Ukraine and abroad is highlighted. Issues of the evolution of the demographic situation of small settlements, such as Rysvyanka, are still poorly understood and deserve more attention, because their coverage will help identify and understand the demographic characteristics of individual locations and regions in historical terms. However, such research can be a necessary basis for informed decision-making in the preparation of plans and programs for sustainable development of the same locations and regions in the short and long term.