В’язання та мереживо як техніки сучасного дизайну та мистецтва

Abstract

У статті розглянуто в’язання та мереживо як техніки, які широко застовуються в практиці сучасного файберарту та дизайну. Досліджено технологічні та естетичні якості цих технік, матеріали та кінцеву обробку для надання творам необхідних якостей. Охарактеризовано вплив технік в’язання та мережива на формування об’єктів об’ємнопросторового текстилю та дизайну.

В статье рассмотрено вязание и кружево как техники, которые широко используются в практике современного файберарта и дизайна. Исследовано технологические и эстетические качества этих техник, материалы и конечную обработку для придания произведениям необходимых качеств. Охарактеризовано влияние техник вязания и кружева на формирование объектов объемно-пространственного текстиля и дизайна.

The article deals with analysis of knitting, lace, felt as contemporary technique, widely used in the practice of contemporary fibre art and design. Nowadays а plenty of new techniques and technologies of textile producing, which can be used in contemporary textile art and art-design, were discovered. A great interest among contemporary artists and designers is caused by traditional, already familiar and everyday techniques of creating of textile products: knitting, braiding lace, felt. A new understanding of surface design, object and space is appeared. Textural and structural possibilities enrich arsenal of artistic means of expression. The aim of this article is to determine а role of traditional techniques, used by craftsmen, in contemporary design and arts, for creation of spatial objects of art and design in particular. The 1990-th and 2000-th are marked with wide development of textiles in all direction, especially with development of spatial textile: textile sculpture, installations, environments, for creation of which traditional techniques were used. Artists and designers started to pay attention to knitting, embroidery, lace, basketry and began actively explore these actually known techniques and their possibilities for using as media in art and design. Experimentation in this area began to be engaged not only by the textile/fibre artists, but visual artists as well, mostly sculptors, which assessed properties of new for them means of expression. The research performed within the techniques and their various combinations. Modern materials and processing technologies enriched possibilities of usage of textile techniques as media for art and design. Nowadays the whole range of fibres and their combinations, used by artists and designers, gives possibility to control the thickness, strength, rigidity, elasticity of materials for creation of objects. This is especially important in the works made in knitting and lace techniques. Knitting has entered the sphere of art and design as media, in which designers create not only fashion design, but installations, spatial objects, art-design. Knitting in the hands of professionals turned into art technique, which is characterized by innovation and development. During the last ten years the revolution in knitting took place and was led by young generation of designers, who used different structures, colour, shapes, materials, which were never used before. Textile installations made in knitting and lace technique are installed in the open space of the cities as well as in the natural environment, changing them and creating a special image. Professional artists and designers with academic education show a great interest in lace as a valuable source of design ideas but avoid any contacts with people, for whom the lace is hobby. Most of these professional artists and designers have only a basic knowledge and experience in lace but successfully realize their designers ideas using lace techniques as media for achieving results only. The result of their work are the pieces of art and objects of design fully or partially made with lace: installations, art objects, furniture, outdoor and indoor (interiors) environments. Artists and designers have definitely crossed the boundaries of traditional craft techniques in their wishes to rethink relations towards well-known techniques and contemporary world of art and design.