Театральний гурток села Буцнів Тернопільського повіту в культурно-просвітницькому русі першої третини ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті розглянуто діяльність аматорського театрального гуртка осередку товариства «Просвіта» села Буцнів Тернопільського повіту в контексті культурнопросвітницького руху першої третини ХХ століття. Звернено увагу на роль голови місцевої філії «Просвіти» Ізидора Глинського і його внесок у мистецьке життя села. Висвітлено репертуар колективу на різних етапах розвитку, охарактеризовано роботу керівниківрежисерів гуртка та їхній вплив на творчий склад колективу.

В статье рассмотрена деятельность любительского театрального кружка ячейки общества «Просвита» села Буцнив Тернопольского уезда в контексте культурнопросветительского движения первой трети ХХ века. Обращено внимание на роль главы местного филиала «Просвиты» Исидора Глинского и его вклад в художественную жизнь села. Освещен репертуар коллектива на разных этапах развития, охарактеризована работа руководителей-режиссеров кружка и их влияние на творческий состав коллектива.

The end of XIX – early XX century – the period of active development of national, political and cultural life of Galichina. The most effective and most massive of cultural and educational institutions proved society «Prosvita», which was established in Lviv in 1868 and covered all the west ukrainian land. Active in the first third of the twentieth century was marked cell «Prosvita» v. Butsniv in Ternopil county. According to archival materials reading society «Prosvita» in the village Butsniv was founded in 1896. Representatives activists rural center «Prosvita» were mostly priests, educated villagers or wealthy owners, indifferent to state of education and culture in the country. To intensify national consciousness of peasants especially a lot of work and effort was launched with the then priest Butsniv father Isidore Glinski, who instructed active members organize theatrical group, buy books, sets, costumes and attract talented citizens, highlighting the needs of the group some money. Participate in the circle was considered a singular honor and prestige. In the first decade the members of the group involved in the organization and preparation of theatrical productions produced costumes and scenery, looking the premises for theater hall, reading room librarian Denis Kushpinskіy purchased a significant amount of literature that used including the setting performances. During this period the amateurs had been performing dramas as classical dramatists and playwrights obscure Galichian’s playwright who wrote plays for amateur dramatic groups in society branches «Prosvita». The events of World War I halted amateur theatrical activity almost 10 years. In the postwar period to permit recovery of the branch «Prosvita» in Ternopil and villages of the Ternopil province were received in 1921. The Polish government hostile attitude toward reading rooms of «Prosvita» and persecuted activists tried to ban their functioning. In Butsnev village change the statute of the local branch of the «Prosvita» was held in 1925, but began to organize rural amateur performances in 1923. In the late 20’s theatrical group consisted of 20 members. The head of the group chose a local activist and a talented organizer John Zvarych. Despite the policy of pacification of the Polish government, a drama group is most developed in the first half of the 30’s. In 1931 butsniv amateur actors, the head of which was the village deacon Nicholas Melnychuk viewers showed 14 performances and received them with income over 700 zlotys. Much of the show performances by members of the drama circle spent to replenish the village library with reading. Instead of long-time head butsniv village «Prosvita» Isidor Glinski came father Michael Kulinich, and later a young priest Basil Kurylas who were indifferent to the drama of the countryside. In subsequent years, theatrical groups manage Basil Mokriy and Nicholas Dmytryshyn who have purchased many sets, costumes and theatrical supplies. Working on the repertoire of the group, they were selected for staging of the most popular plays of the time. Number of theatrical group was 32 people. The structure of theatrical groups included mostly active young people who participated also in choir, dance group and orchestra. Amateurs read different literary history, of social and religious topics, studied the most popular dramatic play, attended performances in Ternopil and other outlying villages. Thanks to the effort and talent of these young leaders of the group managed to perform drama at a high artistic level. Members of the group were not only Butsnev but also in neighboring villages and towns. After coming in 1939 in Western Ukraine Soviet power, society «Prosvita» inactive. Cultural and artistic life began to gradually decline. Reading and people’s houses turned into warehouses and industrial buildings. In local activists exerted great pressure: many members harassed, arrested and sent to Siberia. Despite all the obstacles and prohibitions that local authorities commit to activities, participants theatrical groups brought cultural and educational level of local residents raised them artistic tastes and national patriotism.