Використання художнього металу в інтер’єрах громадських будівель міста Києва другої половини ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті розглянуто гармонійне використання художнього металу в інтер’єрі громадських споруд міста Києва другої половини ХХ ст. Висвітлено коротку характеристику художньо-декоративних творів з металу як елемента збагачення й наповнення загального образу предметно-просторового середовища.

В статье рассмотрено гармоничное использование художественного металла в интерьере общественных зданий города Киева второй половины ХХ в. Дано краткую характеристику художественно-декоративных произведений из металла как элемента обогащения и наполнения общего образа предметно-пространственной среды.

The article deals with the harmonious use of artistic metal in the interior of public buildings in Kyiv in the second half of the twentieth century. Briefly covers 60–70 years. The role of artistically ornamental piece of metal in the interior of public buildings of the late twentieth century is determined. The creative experience of decorative and applied arts masters that worked in artistic metal technic is generalized. Owing to this kind of art they created a special world filled with images that evoked both meditation and deep feeling that became the pride of the national culture. The works of artists were admired, argued that the Ukrainian decorative art is a phenomenon, an essential and integral part of the national art. Among the artists of that time, the most famous are : V. Borodaev (portraits of Lenin and the heroes of the pioneers made for the Kiev Palace of Pioneers), A. Domnych (panel «Wave» – to store «Ocean» in Kyiv ) O. Mylovzorov (composition of forged metal – to interior station «Korniichuk Prospekt» in Kiev Metro), V. Grigorov (panel « Kyiv» – to lobby in hotel « Kyiv»), O. S. Yerzhykovskyi (panel – for the Palace of Culture of aircraft factory in Kyiv), L. Meshkova (grid – for a hotel «Rus» in Kyiv), A. Mylovzorov ( partition – door – to lobby in Kyiv Philharmonic , and metal chandelier – for interior restaurant «Oaks» in Kyiv ), N. Ponomarenko (panel «In a single family» – for interior Kyiv branch of the State Museum of Lenin ), A. Gaydamak (metal reliefs – for hotel «Mir» in Kyiv). Briefly covers the interior of public buildings: hotels, catering and trade services, culture and museums. For the decoration of these buildings metallic artworks as a decorative material were used. Among the works were selected as heavy and light delicate forms, which are characterized by dynamism and elegance pattern. In the decorative and applied arts a large number of metals that have many technological and decorative properties were applied and used a variety of techniques and methods of human processing. While manufacturing the works of art the most widely spread casting, forging, stamping (embossing), engraving, tula and others. Metal artists knowing it carefully used them in creating their author works. They produced such works of art from metal as the reliefs, panels, gratings, partitions doors, chandelier and various decorative compositions. Skillfully were combined with metal other decorative materials - porcelain, monotonous and colored glass, wood. Widely were used such metals as copper, aluminum, iron (steel or cast iron), etc. In the investigation was established that in the 60’s was created entire series of thematically purely decorative works, which can be considered graphics of metal, in the late 60’s retrievals of decorations technics, new images, ideas and themes led to the creation of metal artworks for the interior of public buildings, in the 70’s artists used metal not only for flat panels and chandelier but also began to create three-dimensional decorative compositions. In the article a brief description of art and decorative works of metal as element of enrichment and filling general image of object spatial environment is given. Their role in the creation of harmonic content of the apartment where each piece shows the best achievements of the past, interesting intersections of history, certain features and extraordinary kindness and generosity of the Ukrainian artists soul is defined.