Структура кобзарсько-лірницьких товариств: цеховий статут і цехове argo, етнопедагогічні засади і реконструкція

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості прадавньої епічної (старцівської) практики мандрівних співців – кобзарів та лірників. Розглянуто специфіку структури кобзарства в Україні – цехові утворення, спосіб навчання-переймання традиції, таємне «дідівське» argo. Охарактеризовано вторинні процеси реконструкції традиційних практик кобзарства і лірництва сучасними методиками.

В статье исследованы особенности древней эпической (старческой) практики странствующих певцов – кобзарей и лирников. Рассмотрена специфика структуры кобзарства в Украине – цеховые образования, способ обучения-заимствования традиции, тайное «дедовское» argo. Охарактеризованы вторичные процессы реконструкции традиционных практик кобзарства и лирничества современными методиками.

One of the most characteristic forms of traditional Ukrainian music culture is the ancient epic practice of traveling singers-kobzars and lirnyks. Its structural nature and organization is perhaps the most important component in the forming of the mentality of the nation. The original form of the structure of kobzardom in Ukraine – the guild formation, the method of study-transference of tradition, secret argo et al.-suffered tremendous losses with the threat of ultimate anihilation. Therefore, the main task of science today, the author considers the provision of a secondary processes of reconstruction of traditional practices of kobzar and lira playing by modern techniques and the use of destructive criticism against primitive pseudo-scientific approaches to allow sacred forms to exist at the level of scientific performing reconstruction. The current state of preservation, study and the secondary functioning allows only one of several possible forms of conservation (a term introduced by S. Hrytsa) in the unique aesthetic practice of itinerant Bards – kobzars and lirnyks – their research and performce reconstruction. Pseudo-academic concepts such as the «renaissance», «renewal», «return» of this truly phenomenal tradition of Ukrainian nation in terms of current scientific and methodological positions do not stand up to criticism. As a result the research methodology and methods of complex scientific and practical processes are becoming more and more acute and urgent. Since the specific nature of any phenomenon, its semantic and formal nature determines, first, its structure, in this paper, the main focus is on reviewing the most difficult and important processes of hierarchical structure, guild relations and inner peace of the «poor brethren» ethnopedagogic adopting of the principles of traditional mechanisms and play them on the secondary reparative level. Separately attention is made to the painful issue of the lack of scrutiny and attention to the phenomenon of wandering lira playing as a special phenomenon of Ukrainian spirituality. The paper submits an original view of the specificity and uniqueness of the phenomenon of Ukrainian epic tradition of bandurists, kobzars and lira players, relying upon the latest methodological and methodical achievements of modern ethnoorganologic and kobzarologic opinion, the main component of which is to analyze the structure of both the phenomena – kobza and lira playing – and stylistics of its main product – the accompanying instruments and genre structure of performing music. At the same time, dialectical patterns of extrapolation syncretic forms and methods of making the fundamental features of the structure of this phenomenon and derived performance styles are pointed out. To avoid profanation and cheap quasi-scientific, ostensibly «spiritual», but actually inside story and methodologically unified aplomb in modern scientific reconstruction experiments of ethnomusicologic science and performing reconstructive practice, should provide a solid methodologic and methodic practical framework for the implementation of the rules of traditional customary ethics and aesthetics. Only time and the practical effect will give the final answer to the problem stated here. Permanent discourses can pave a path for their constructive science-based solutions.