Діяльність польських диригентів у Львові впродовж ХІХ століття в контексті становлення галицької диригентської школи

Abstract

У статті досліджено шляхи становлення та розвитку оперно-симфонічного диригування у Львові в контексті проблематики міжкультурної комунікації. Розглянуто діяльність польських диригентів впродовж ХІХ ст., серед яких імена видатних музикантів свого часу: Г. Ельснер, К. Курпінський, К. Ліпінський, С. Сервачинський, С. Монюшко, Г. Ярецький, М. Солтис, Г. Мельцер. Охарактеризовано їхній творчий внесок у розвиток диригентського мистецтва та музичного життя Львова, що набуло не лише локального, але європейського та світового значення.

В статье исследовано пути становления и развития оперно-симфонического дирижирования во Львове в контексте проблематики межкультурной коммуникации. Рассмотрено деятельность польских дирижеров на протяжении ХIХ в., среди которых имена выдающихся музыкантов своего времени: Г. Ельснер, К. Курпинский, К. Липинский, С. Сервачинский, С. Монюшко, Г. Ярецкий, М. Солтыс, Г. Мельцер. Охарактеризовано их творческий вклад в развитие дирижерского искусства и музыкальной жизни Львова, что приобрело не только локальное, но европейское и мировое значение.

This article shows the activity of Polish conductors on Lviv stages during the nineteenth century in the context of the formation and development of opera and symphony conducting in Galicia. Through the number of Austrian, Czech, German, Italian conductors in Lviv that influenced on its cultural development, the value of Polish conductors is particularly significant, not only for Galician conductor school, as it got a strong European response. Yu. Elsner dedicated more than 20 years to conductor activity in Ukraine at the end of XVIII century, the future teacher of Chopin, and later a longtime chief conductor of the Warsaw opera. He was not only the director of many operas (including «Don Juan» and «Mercy Titus» W. A. Mozart), but also the organizer of one of the first philharmonic communities in Lviv and he also spread many chamber and symphonic works. Lviv became the starting point for such well-known figures of Polish culture as K. Kurpinskiy, who began his conducting career in Chapel of E. Rastavetskyy; S. Servachynskyy – Student of Hvadanini, conductor of Bratislava, Vienna, Budapest opera, who dedicated to conductor work in Ukraine almost 30 years (between that he was the violin teacher of internationally renowned artists such as H. Venyavskyy, J. Joachim). In the bosom of violin type of conducting the art matures famous «northern Paganini» the formation of which occurred with almost 30 years stay in Ukraine of K. Lipinski. His stunning violin career eclipsed other activities, particularly in the conducting area. On the age of 18 he became a conductor of the graph Stazhenskiy choir and then held the post of conductor of Lviv Theatre, where exhibits his own operas. During his brilliant artistic career Lipinski’s continued conducting and organized symphony concerts not only in Ukraine, but also toures through Europe. The most memorable was his conductoring work in «Kyivski contrasty». The close friendship and cooperation with the founders of European conducting schools such as L. Shpor, F. Mendelson, H. Berlioz, F. List, R. Wagner emphasizes the importance and advantages of 20-year tenure as conductor of the Dresden court orchestra of K. Lipinski. Under the guidance of K. Lipinski the performance of «Requiem» W. A. Mozart was held in Lviv by the choir of Svyatoyurskiy chuch and the choir «Society s. Cecylji» of the son of the composer F. K. Mozart. I. Shuppantsih the friend of Beethoven reported him about this event. In the second half of the nineteenth century. Lviv was visited by many prominent musicians, including S. Monyushko who conducted his own concerts. His student H. Yaretskiy became a prominent figure in opera and symphony conducting, because for half of century he was the principal conductor of Lviv Theatre of Opera actively promoting many composers, including Wagner. Toured as conductor in Paris, Vienna, Warsaw, Krakow, Galicia. Invaluable contribution to the development of the symphony conducting in Ukraine has made A. Soltys under direction of whome sounded a huge number of instrumental works. He was also the mover of the first student symphony orchestra. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. within the beginning of the Lviv Philharmonic began his conducting career a renowned pianist and composer H. Meltser later longtime rector of the Conservatory and leading conductor of Warsaw. Significant contribution to the development of the Galician school invested other polish conductors: S. Chetvinskiy, Ya. Hall, S. Nevyadomskiy, V. Vshelyachynskiy, F. Piontkovskiy, Prominskiy and others. We will also add that the work of such well known polish conductors during XX century is connected exactly with Lviv: B. Volfstal, Y. Lerer, A. Soltys, S. Huzhynskiy, V. Ruzhytskiy and finally on the basis of Lviv conductor school traditions raised a worldwide star – one of the greatest conductors of the twentieth century, Arthur Rodzinskiy.