Діяльність Етнографічної комісії ВУАН у контексті дослідження народнопісенної спадщини українського народу у 20-х роках ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті досліджено діяльність Етнографічної комісії ВУАН у процесі наукового вивчення народнопісенної творчості українського народу в 20-і роки ХХ століття. Розглянуто та проаналізовано форми та методи дослідницької діяльності інституції. Визначено роль та значення комісії для процесу розгортання науково-дослідницької діяльності розвиненої кореспондентської мережі, що стало вагомим чинником на шляху до процесу відродження та збереження національної духовної спадщини українського народу.

В статье исследована деятельность Этнографической комиссии ВУАН в процессе научного изучения народнопесенного творчества украинского народа в 20-х годах ХХ века. Рассмотрены и проанализированы формы и методы исследовательской деятельности институции. Определены роль и значение комисси в процессе разворачивания научноисследовательской деятельности расширенной корреспондентской сети, что стало весомым критерием на пути к процессу возрождения и сохранения национального духовного наследия украинского народа.

The period of the twenties of the XX century played an exceptional role in the history of Ukraine. The processes, taking place in this historic period, were characterized by the rebirth of the national dignity and realization of ethnic individuality, the increasing interest in own culture and its values, spreading of ethnographic movement, the activity of outstanding scientists in the process of raising the scientific thought up to the global level. The regulations of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences fulfilled the main scientific-organizational and coordinational function in this process. The implementation of them was exactly aimed at the process of development and raising of the scientific thought on the Ukrainian territory. The article touches upon the activity and importance of the Ethnographic Commission of AllUkrainian Academy of Sciences in the process of learning and research of the folk song creation of the Ukrainian people during the twenties of the XX century. The article analyses the forms and methods of the instution’s research work. Special attention is paid to the role and importance of the development of the correspondence network, which enhances the process of the scientific – research activity of the Commission. This has become an important factor of the rebirth and preservation of the Ukrainian spiritual heritage. The article underlines the necessity of a complex approach to study the Ethnographic Commission activity, which will enable to highlight all research forms and methods of the institution. The chronography-historical method of research of the folk song creation during the above periods has enabled to study the main period of foundation and further development of the institution’s research work. Special priority is given to the necessity of applying programmers and instructions in the collection process, which helped to research the folksong development process, and to find out peculiarities of folk song material transformations. The need and importance of collection and research of both old examples of folk song material and the modern folklore is of great importance, which with give chance to revive all the process of folk-song creation ever since the past till the present time. The Ethnographic Commission’s work is the illustration of these events. A number of the outstanding Ukrainian scientists took part in the creation of the Ethnographic Commission. The research, conducted by them, was of inter-subject character and pertained to not only, the Ukrainian ethnography but to its ties with folklore of other peoples inhabiting the Ukrainian territory at the time. Having analyzed different aspects of the Ethnographic Commission’s work during the period of its existence, we come to the conclusion that the establishment of correspondence network, covering almost all regions of the country close ties of the Commission with periphery, local folklore collectors, promoted both the collective and scientific-research work. Obtaining a lot of folk-ethnographic material from different regions, the Commission could study the process of Ukrainian folklore development both in general and local dimensions, discover peculiarities of changes, connected to the existing genre models in certain regions, learn the process of interconnections and inter in fluency, which took place as a result of the interaction of the Ukrainian people’s folklore creation with the cultural heritage of other ethnic groups living on Ukrainian territory. Having existed over ten years the Ethnographic Commission played an important role in collection, studying, preservation process, as well as the popularization, in particular, of folk song creation, having become an important center in the process of level raising of scientific work in the field of folklore, ethnography and regional ethnography . Thanks to the titanic activity of the Commission’s employees, the reliable foundation was made on the way to the realization of Ukrainian national dignity as well as cultural originality, unique, unrepeatable features of the nation.