Історичний огляд поняття "порядок слів" у слов’янському мовознавстві (формально граматичний аспект)

Abstract

У статті описано в діахронічному ракурсі поняття "порядок слів" у слов’янському мовознавстві періоду формально-граматичного підходу трактування мовних явищ. Зокрема, проаналізовано слов’янські граматики кінця ХІХ – першої половини ХХ століть щодо функціонування термінів на позначення "порядок слів", лінгвістичних методологій трактування цього поняття. The article provides historical overview of the term ‘word order’ during the period of functioning of formal-grammatical approach to linguistic notions. The main attention is concentrated on the interpretation of this term in East Slavic linguistics (O. Potebnia, V. Simovytch, I. Ohiyenko, L. Shcherba, O. Melnychuk, etc). The analysis of those achievements in word order research in West Slavic linguistics which had general value has been carried out. The following methods of research have been used: descriptive with the elements of comparative analysis, comparative-historic method, structural with the elements of distributive analysis. Grammar manuals, the Ukrainian language textbooks in particular and the textbooks in Slavic languages in general which were functioning in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were used as the sources of conducting dominant theoretical guidelines. The article describes the terminology used at that period in order to represent the modern notion ‘word order’; main tendencies in word order in the structure of the Slavic sentence of that period; the means (morphological, syntactic, intonational) of setting ‘typical’ and ‘untypical’ word order. Dominant linguistic approaches to the interpretation of word order such as logical, intonational, stylistic, syntagmatic have been pointed out. The main accent of analytical description has been made on the sentence structure peculiarities in East Slavic languages. The achievements of the scientists in West Slavic linguistics which had general value in Slavic linguistics have also been considered. The main attention was paid to the notion ‘syntagma’ as the dominant one in sentence word order research in terms of communicative aspect which is one of the dominant approaches on the modern stage of the development of Ukrainian linguistics. In general the given research presents one of the stages of diachronical description of the term ‘word order’. The author has an intention to further carry out research in this sphere taking into account such aspects as semantic-syntactic and communicative. Since the basis for further stages of sentence word order analysis are grounded in formal-grammatical approach, it makes sense to take into consideration conceptual grounds of this stage while concluding about the following linguistic periods of functioning of Slavic sentence structure.