Формування асиміляційного апарату озимої пшениці сорту Ювівата за дії синтетичних регуляторів росту

Abstract

У статті наведено порівняльну характеристику впливу синтетичних регуляторів росту на формування асиміляційного апарату та особливості деяких фотосинтетичних процесів озимої пшениці. Встановлено, що препарати Азотофіт та Вимпел ефективно стимулюють збільшення площі асиміляційної поверхні і чисту продуктивність фотосинтезу озимої пшениці сорту Ювівата.

We have found out the effect of synthetic plant growth regulators – Azotofite, Vympel, Amber acid on assimilation processes of winter wheat sort Yuvivat in the autumn and spring periods. The formation of the assimilation surface for winter wheat plants is a decisive factor in increasing the productivity of the crop. It was ascertained that on the 12th day after the emergence of the stairs an increase in the assimilation surface of winter wheat under the influence of Vympel – by 7.8%, Amber acid – by 17.2%, Azotofite – by 20.3%. On spring period on 217 days after the emergence of the seedlings, an increase in the assimilation surface of winter wheat under the influence of Azotofite – by 40.2%, Vympel – by 32.2%, and Amber acid – by 22.8% compared to the control. Such an effect of Azotofite can be explained by the fact that it consists of cells of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum. In turn, Vympel, at the expense of humic acids in its composition, enhances root formation and improves nutrition, which helps to increase the growth of the above-ground part of plants. At 227 days after the appearance of the stairs, similar results were observed with the previous ones. The most effective was detected by Azotofite. He exceeded the control rate by 40.4%. The increase in the assimilation surface under the influence of Vympel was 33.1% compared with the control. The use of synthetic growth regulators had a positive effect on the formation of the mass of raw matter of winter wheat plants in the autumn and spring periods. Thus, the mass of raw matter of winter wheat plants increased by 3.4% during the autumn period under the influence of Vympel, by 12.8% by Amber acid. Azotofite, which exceeded the control index by 15.1%, showed the greatest efficiency. On 217 days after the emergence of the stairs, the increase in the mass of raw matter of plants under the influence of Vympel was at the level of 38.2%, Amber acid – 9%, Azotofite – 68% compared to control. On 227 day, the greatest effect on the growth of the mass of the raw matter of the plant was Azotofite (62.7% more than control), in the second place was the synthetic growth regulator Vympel, which increased the mass of the raw matter of the plant by 45% compared to the control. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest performance of photosynthesis was determined in versions using Azotofite and Vympel, where the net photosynthesis yield was 11.5 g/m2/day and 9.4 g/m2/day and exceeded the control values by 69.3% and 38.4% respectively. Thus, according to the results of studies of the physiological effects of synthetic growth regulators, it has been found that the most effective synthetic growth regulators that stimulate the assimilation processes of winter wheat during the studied periods are Azotofite and Vympel.