Позитивні девіації як соціально-культурний феномен особистісного розвитку

Abstract

У статті схарактерезовано теоретичнi аспекти прояву позитивних девіацій; закцентовано увагу на тому, що позитивними девіаціями називають ті відхилення, які носять позитивний життєтворчий характер: креативність, талант, геніальність, соціальна творчість, героїчні вчинки; розкрито та проаналізовано деякі аспекти проявів творчих можливостей, потенціалу, здібностей та креативності та геніальності як вияву позитивних девіацій та чинника відхилення від соціальної норми та їх видозміни.

The article describes the theoretical aspects of the manifestation of positive deviations; the focus is on the fact that positive deviations are those deviations that have a positive life-giving character: creativity, talent, genius, social creativity, heroic deeds; some aspects of manifestations of creative possibilities, potential, abilities and creativity and genius are revealed and analyzed as a manifestation of positive deviations and a factor of deviation from the social norm and its modification. The boundaries between positive and negative in deviant behavior are mobile in time and space of societies. The most appropriate for the demarcation of norms and deviations is the so-called statisticallyadaptive approach, in which the “norm" is: something average, established, not allocated from the general; something is most adapted to the environment. Accordingly, under the social approach to deviant behavior, we must understand deviations in behavior that are dangerous to society, communities and people. In this context, the ethical “norm-ideal" does not always consider that solidarity of people is a norm, and class struggle is a deviation from it. Thus, the problem of norm is an interdisciplinary problem, the roots of which lie in the general biological laws of human mental development and its psychosocial features, as well as in ethical-philosophical norms. For the most part, deviation refers to various social pathologies, and as a rule, in the minds of people they have sustained negative meaning and understanding. In this case, there is an undeniable fact that deviations from the norm are possible both “down" and “up". From this it follows that deviation can be both negative and positive. Negative deviations include such phenomena and behavior that are destructive in nature, both for the person as well as for society as a whole. Positive deviations are those deviations that have a positive life-giving character: creativity, talent, genius, social creativity, heroic deeds, self-sacrifice, excessive zeal and devotion, a sharpened sense of pity (compassion).