Композитори у драматичних театрах Львова середини ХХ століття: біографічний аспект

Abstract

У статті систематизовано та введено до наукового обігу біографічні дані про композиторів-завідувачів музичних частин театрів, що були переміщені до Львова після закінчення Другої світової війни. Окреслено їхню співпрацю з культурно-мистецькими установами міста та іншими драматичними театрами України загалом. Виявлено обставини, що сприяли зацікавленню композиторів у написанні музики для театру.

В статье систематизированы и введены в научный оборот биографические данные о композиторах-заведующих музыкальных частей театров, которые были перемещение во Львов после окончания Второй мировой войны. Oчерченo их сотрудничество с культурно-художественными учреждениями города и другими драматическими театрами Украины в целом. Выявлены обстоятельства, способствовавшие заинтересованности композиторов в написании музыки для театра.

Since the after-war time the two state drama theatres exist in Lviv, due to which it is possible to trace the peculiarities of composers’ integration into theatrical life. This is M. Horkiy Theatre of Young Spectator (now First Academic Ukrainian Theatre for Children and Youth) and M. Zankovetska Lviv Drama Theatre (now M. Zankovetska National Academic Ukrainian Drama Theatre) that were moved to Lviv at the end of 1944 from Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia correspondingly. Among those who moved to Lviv with theatrical troops were directors of music part Izydor Vymer and Oleksandr Radchenko. Izydor Vymer, a Kharkiv citizen, is a graduate of Kharkiv Musical High School and Kharkiv Music-Drama Institute. In 1934 I. Vymer took the position of the senior conductor and director of music part in Theatre of Young Spectator. Simultaneously, he established the first in the Soviet Union children orchestra of folk instruments, that numbered almost a hundred and a half performers, thus the work with children assisted him to compose music for theatre. After his relocation to Lviv, he had created musical accompaniment for 71 performances at M. Horkiy Theatre of Young Spectator and a bunch of other theatres of Ukraine. Simultaneously with his work in theatre I. Vymer was a board member of Lviv Regional union of composers, founded the only at the time in Ukraine children symphonic orchestra, founded and headed the department of folk instruments at Lviv conservatory. The native of Poltava region, O. Radchenko started composing music at the age of twelve. He finished Odesa Musical High School and was among the first students of Odesa Conservatory who had to interrupt their studies because of the mobilization of 1914. In 1930 he was invited by M. Zankovetska Theatre troop to take the position of the director of music part, where he had been working till 1965 and wrote music to over 200 performances. In Lviv he also had a part-time position as a head of department of musical affairs in Lviv region, head of committee on revision of educational process, organizational and economical condition of Lviv State Conservatory, art director of music broadcast at Lviv regional radio-committee. Hence, when joined the theatrical group in young age as the director of music part, I. Vymer and O. Radchenko stayed in drama theatres for a long time, that became their lifework. Nevertheless, their engagement in theatrical process delighted and inspired them and the different genres performances were the possibility of self-actualization, they had a need of avoiding clichés in composing that encouraged creativity. Consequently, the received motivation gave them enthusiasm for new ideas and search in the realm of theatrical and musical art.