Типологізація виконавської техніки світових валторністів як відображення їх індивідуальних рис

Abstract

У статті досліджено валторнове виконавство, якому належить особливе місце в становленні та розвитку музичної культури, у функціонуванні духової музики в суспільстві як художнього явища. Охарактеризовано індивідуальні, виконавські риси світових валторністів (Радек Баборак, Джефф Брайан, Радован Влаткович, Валентин Марухно). Окреслено особливості виконавської майстерності валторністів у сольній, оркестровій і ансамблевій практиці. Висвітлено виконавський стиль та виконавські особливі валторністів сучасності.

В статье исследовано валторновое исполнительство, которому принадлежит особое место в становлении и развитии музыкальной культуры, в функционировании духовой музыки в обществе как художественного явления. Охарактеризованы индивидуальные, исполнительские черты мировых валторнистов (Радек Баборак, Джефф Брайан, Радован Влаткович, Валентин Марухно). Очерчены особенности исполнительского мастерства валторнистов в сольной, оркестровой и ансамблевой практике. Освещены исполнительский стиль и исполнительские черты валторнистов современности.

Musical art history has always been related to successive change of musical styles, their cooperation, which are always caused by creative work of the particular performer, composer, certain culture, nation etc. A horn player is, foremost, a professional of high performance culture, who is well aware of the nature of musical and performance activities, musical and artistic creative work, who perfectly masters horn playing technology. As emphasis of our research is placed on the particular phenomenon – horn player’s performance technique, it is worth considering individual and stylish peculiarities features of performance technique of modern worldwide renowned horn players: R. Baborak (Czech Republic), J. Brain (Great Britain), R. Vlatkovic (Croatia), V. Marukhno (Ukraine). Horn player Radek Baborak (1976) is considered one of the most prominent solo hornists. Specificity of his individual performance style is conditioned by the horn player’s artistic thinking forming his intonation and performance language. R. Baborak always has a clear sense of an idea and content of a composition, thinks it over in details, carefully and thoroughly selects the required media, creating the unified musical and artistic form. Virtuosity, technical “effects” aligned with emotional inspiration of romantic feelings are typical for the horn player’s individual performance style. He masters sound of extraordinary beauty and strength. British horn player Jeffrey Brayant (1946) is one of the prominent representatives of European school. His horn arsenal includes not only solo and chamber compositions, but music to films “Star Wars”, “Harry Potter”, “Batman”, “James Bond”, “The French Lieutenant’s Wife” (from the novel by John Fowles) and other superheroes highlighting the performance of musical compositions of various styles, genres and forms. His play is a balanced combination of high artistry and mastery of all specific performance and technical means. J. Brayant’s benefit consists in the formation of the performance style influenced by the European horn school, with its wide tunefulness. This style laid a foundation of the British horn school. Radovan Vlatkovic (1962) is a Croatian horn player, who differs from other horn players with mastering high culture of sound, intonation and artistic interpretation, excellent musical taste, creative inspiration and artistry. An indisputable index of R. Vlatkovic’s performance mastery is the performance level of various sound colors and all types of performance techniques (intonation, meter rhythm, dynamics, agogics and phrasing). His biography is an example of efficient and purposeful formation of the professional solo hornist. Valentyn Marukhno (1961) is the Honored Artist of Ukraine, assistant professor of P. I. Тсhaikovskyi’s National Music Academy of Ukraine. V. Marukhno promotes his students to achieve the sound ideal standard not only due to the development of performance and technical skills and harmonious development of every personality, developing worldview and musical culture. Consequently, while playing each modern worldwide renowned hornist (R. Baborak, J. Brayant, R. Vlatkovic, V. Marukhno) shows the difference caused by the performance style and peculiar individual features. Forming own repertoire, hornists prefer the compositions, which permit showing the performance musical individuality to the maximum.