Вплив різних доз іонізуючого опромінення на окремі продукційні показники гороху посівного (Pisum sativum L.) сорту цетріс

Abstract

У статті представлені результати вивчення зміни кількості бобів, кількості визрілих насінин на рослині і зміни маси 1000 насінин під впливом іонізуючого опромінення дозами 1 Гр, 3 Гр, 5 Гр, 7 Гр, 10 Гр на проросле насіння гороху посівного. Експериментально встановлено, що дози опромінення 3 Гр, 5 Гр, 7 Гр викликали збільшення кількості бобів у рослини в межах 24,3 – 24,7% та сприяли збільшенню маси 1000 насінин від 3,38% до 9,28%. Проте ці дози не суттєво впливають на кількість визрілих насінин у рослини. Дози іонізуючого опромінення 1 Гр та 10 Гр несуттєво негативного впливають на всі досліджувані показники.

In recent times, the problem of environmental safety is particularly acute in the context of increasing anthropogenic load. The number of technologies that use ionizing radiation, and, at the same time, the number of sources of radiation, which increases the probability of their runaway, is growing all over the world. Radioactive substances enter the atmosphere, ultimately concentrating in the soil. The agricultural sector will suffer the most from radioactive substances. Plants become the first screen that undertakes the effect of such radiation. Radioactive isotopes do not cause significant damage to plants, but they accumulate in the harvest in significant quantities and in the chain "soil - plant - animal" appear in the human body. Due to consumption of radionuclide contaminated foodstuffs, the population gets an additional dose of radiation that accumulates and leads to negative health effects. The scientific task of this study was to investigate the mutagenous impact of different doses of ionizing radiation on the specific series of edible peas of the Cetris cultivar. The research was conducted in the private household in the village of Plotych, Ternopil region. Seeds that have been soaked for 72 hours were selected for the study. The germinated seeds of the control group were not subject to irradiation. The germinated seeds of the group DG-1 were irradiated with a dose of X-rays 1 Gy, DG - 2 - 3 Gy, DG -3 - 5 Gy, DG -4 - 7 Gy, and DG -5 - 10 Gy. As a result of the study, it was determined that different doses of ionizing radiation have little effect on the quantitative indices of germinated seeds of edible peas of the Cetris cultivar. Irradiation doses of 3 Gy, 5 Gy, and 7 Gy show a stimulating effect (+ 24%) on average of beans per plant and contribute to an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds from 3.38% to 9.28%. However, these irradiation doses cause slight fluctuations of the average number of ripe seeds per plant (6.28-6.90 pc versus 6.24 pc in control). The used doses of ionizing radiation of 1 Gy, and 10 Gy demonstrate a non-significant negative influence on all investigated indices.