Баян у сучасних клезмерських колективах: український контекст

Abstract

У статті підкреслено, що одним з компонентів культури України є клезмерська музика. Зазначено її синтетичність, адже вона вбирає у себе елементи різних етнічних культур – української, румунської, молдавської, польської, турецької. Представлено, що баянне виконавство є одним з компонентів клезмерських ансамблів. Вказано специфіку репертуару колективів, який не обмежується музикою певної етнічної групи, а містить популярні пісні й танці інших народів, здебільшого тих, на території яких функціонує ансамбль.

В статье подчеркнуто, что одним из компонентов культуры Украины является клезмерская музыка. Обращается внимание на ее синтетический характер, ведь она впитывает в себя элементы различных этнических культур – украинской, румынской, молдавской, польской, турецкой. Продемонстрировано, что баянное исполнительство является одним из компонентов клезмерских ансамблей. Указана специфика репертуара коллективов, не ограничивающихся музыкой определенной этнической группы, а включающего популярные песни и танцы других народов, в основном тех, на территории которых функционирует ансамбль.

Bayan is an instrument that managed to take a leading place in musical culture. Ability to meet the spiritual needs of people, wide performance opportunities causes interest in this instrument in different directions. A leading feature of our time is the presence of a significant number of cultures. The problem of their coexistence in the present conditions is one of the key issues of modern scientific discourse. This phenomenon may have different projections of development. On the one hand, the gradual absorption of certain crops is possible, which is accompanied by globalization. On the other hand, the interaction of cultures and ethnic groups is possible, which will lead to their mutual enrichment. The second trend is of a promising nature and implemented at different levels. Modern researchers point out that the problem of identity and self-determination is extremely topical within a multicultural society. Issues of self-identification, including at the level of musical landmarks, are a feature that characterizes the present state. The corresponding tendency manifests itself in the interest of folk ethnic music, which is one of the components of contemporary culture. The brightness and diversity of manifestations of ethnic culture of different peoples contribute to the fact that it is difficult to unanimously characterize, because it has a unique character, no future value, possesses the ability to be changeable and stable at the same time. Among the factors that have an individually colored character, one can mention the melody, intonation, rhythm, peculiarities of the meter. However, in the analysis of musical layers relating to different cultures, a toolkit, common to many nations, can act as a unifying entity. In the Ukrainian space in recent decades arouse number of projects aimed at the development of ethnic music. There are a number of festivals focused on music from different countries and cultures of the world. These may be projects where attention is paid to World music in general or to Klezmer music in particular. Similar projects allow you to get acquainted with the activities of not only domestic but also foreign collectives. Among the festivals that take place in the Ukrainian space, we can mention the International Festival of Jewish Music – LVIVKLEZFEST. The activities of groups that play different ethnic music are an interesting subject for research, because the acquaintance with cultures leads to the enrichment of musical luggage and the potential for the formation of new phenomena of synthetic nature. In each of the areas of ethnic music, the bayan is given the leading place. This instrument is an embodiment of the culture of the people. Bayan is represented in klezmer music, which was and remains a component of musical culture of Ukraine. One can give a considerable list of klezmer groups that are available, both in the western space, as well as in the native. One of the hallmarks of these teams is the use of bayan (accordion or bandeon) as one of the instruments that helps create unique sounds. Typically, such collectives are not limited to the execution of only klezmer music, but include in their repertoire folk works of other peoples, synthesizing the achievements of different cultures.