Педагогічна і культурно-просвітницька діяльність Юліана Романчука в Східній Галичині (1842-1932 рр.)

Abstract

У дисертації системно досліджено творчу спадщину Ю. Романчука в контексті розвитку українського шкільництва в Східній Галичині у другій половині XIX – першій третині XX століття. Проаналізовано історіографію проблеми та джерельну базу роботи, основу якої становлять документи з архівів і рукописних фондів бібліотек, матеріали періодичної преси, мемуари й праці педагога та просвітника. Виявлено передумови та основні чинники формування та становлення педагога, просвітника та громадського діяча, виокремлено етапи життєвого та творчого шляху: перший – формування особистості Ю. Романчука та становлення як педагога (1842 – 1968), другий – різноаспектна культурно-просвітницька діяльність (1968 – 1932) та схарактеризовано педагогічну та культурно-просвітницьку спадщину Ю. Романчука, спрямовану на розвиток українського шкільництва в контексті суспільно-політичних і культурно-освітніх процесів Східної Галичини кінця ХІХ – першої третини ХХ століть. Окреслено перспективи реалізації педагогічних ідей Ю. Романчука в умовах сьогодення.

В диссертации системно исследовано творческое наследие Ю. Романчука, в контексте развития украинского образования в Восточной Галичине во второй половине XIX – первой трети XX века. Проанализированы историография проблемы и база источников исследования, основу которой составляют документы из архивов и рукописных фондов библиотек, материалы периодической печати, мемуары и труды педагога и просветителя. Выявлены предпосылки и основные факторы формирования и становления педагога, просветителя и общественного деятеля, выделены этапы его жизненного пути: первый – формирование личности Ю. Романчука и становление как педагога (1842 – 1968), второй – разноаспектная культурно-просветительская деятельность (1968 – 1932). Охарактеризовано педагогическое и культурно-просветительское наследие Ю. Романчука, направленное на становление и развитие украинского образования в Восточной Галичине конца ХІХ – первой трети ХХ века. Определены перспективы использования педагогических идей Ю. Романчука в современной украинской школе.

The dissertation presents the results of historical pedagogical research of educational and pedagogical activity of Y Romanchuk in Eastern Halicia at the second half of the XIXth- the first third of the XXth centuries. The urgency and necessity of the research is due to considerable attention being paid in Ukraine to the historical and pedagogical problems, including the schooling of Halicia in the second half of the XIXth and the first third of XXth centuries, as it was at that time that the foundations of the national education system and politics were actively developing there. Y Romanchuk was one of those who, with his pedagogical work, educational activities, a persistent struggle for the Ukrainian school in the parliamentary sphere of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the second half of the ХIXth – the first third of the XXth centuries laid the foundation for the establishment and development of Ukrainian schooling in the conditions of the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation in Eastern Halicia. In the second half of the XIXth century the nationally conscious Ukrainian elite sought to compensate for the disadvantages of the educational policy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In contemporary pedagogical science, there is an insufficient level of rethinking the contribution of the national-conscious elite, in particular Y. Romanchuk, in the process of strengthening the national consciousness among the general population, raising the level of pedagogical skill of Ukrainian educators, and the legislative consolidation of the rights of the Ukrainian language in the educational sphere in the second half of the XIXth to the first third of the XXth centuries, which determines the relevance of the work. The object of the dissertation research is activities of the public figures of the Eastern Halicia of the second half of the XIXth – the first third of the XXth centuries. Subject of the research is main directions of activity of Y Romanchuk in the context of Ukrainian schooling development in Eastern Halicia in the second half of the XIXth – the first third of the XXth centuries. The purpose of the research was to carry out scientific analysis, systematize and generalize the activities of Y Romanchuk aimed at the development of Ukrainian schooling in the context of socio-political, cultural and educational processes of the given period in the Eastern Halicia. The dissertation investigates the historiography of the problem and sources of the research; factors that influenced the formation of Y. Romanchuk’s outlook, specifies the stages of his life path: the first one – formation of the personality of Y. Romanchuk as a teacher (1842 – 1968), the second one – his multi-dimensional cultural and educational activity (1968 – 1932). It considers main directions of his contribution to the content of primary and secondary education on the basis of his textbooks; the activities of educational and cultural societies, of which Y. Romanchuk was a member, aimed at the development of Ukrainian schooling. Y. Romanchuk's political activity directed towards increasing the number of Ukrainian educational institutions, improving the quality of their work, introducing Ukrainian language in schools was investigated. The prospects of using ideas and experience of Y. Romanchuk in modern Ukrainian schooling were revealed. A considerable number of previously unknown archival materials was introduced into the scientific circle, the source base of the research was expanded through the use of materials from state authorities, political parties and organizations, periodicals, memoirs, and the achievements of domestic and foreign historiography, which allowed reproducing ill-studied aspects of educational, organizational and pedagogical activity of Y. Romanchuk in the context of socio-political, cultural and educational processes. The development of Ukrainian schooling in Eastern Halicia of the second half of the XIXth and first third of the XXth centuries has become more evident. Conducted analysis of pedagogical and cultural-educational activities of Y. Romanchuk enables determining the prospects of applying his experience and ideas in the present conditions: increasing the role of national and civic education in the pedagogical process; organization of educational process taking into account national-educational traditions and ideals, filling it with the achievements of Ukrainian culture; creating textbooks that would develop patriotic feelings, spirituality, cognitive interests, logic, horizons, memory and attention of students; enhancing interaction between school, community institutions and family. The practical significance is that formulated conclusions, practical proposals enrich historical and pedagogical knowledge, promote understanding and development of the content of pedagogical, scientific and educational activities of Y Romanchuk, can be applied in the preparation of generalizing historical and pedagogical works on the history of Ukrainian pedagogical thought, textbooks, scientific and methodological manuals on the history of pedagogy, for the preparation of special courses on the disciplines of the pedagogical cycle, special seminars for higher educational institutions of pedagogical education; compilation of bibliographical indexes, independent research work of students of higher educational institutions as well as in teaching practice. Materials of research can also be used in the work of scientific clubs of higher educational institutions. Also, the practical significance of the work is determined by the possibility of its use in research (for further study of the theoretical foundations of the functioning of the Ukrainian school during the period of pedagogical and educational activity by Y. Romanchuk).