Просвітницько-педагогічна діяльність інтелігенції на Півдні України (друга половина ХІХ -початок ХХ століття)

Abstract

У дисертації на основі цілісного ретроспективного аналізу досліджено теоретичні аспектирозвитку просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності інтелігенції в освітньому просторі Півдня України. Розкрито роль просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності інтелігенції, меценатів та товариств і благодійних організацій. Обґрунтовано періодизацію й виявлено тенденції просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності інтелігенції на Півдні України: І етап -1850 -1869 рр. -конфесійно-світоглядний; ІІ етап -1870 -1889 рр. -науково-просвітницький; ІІІетап-1890 -1917 рр. -національно-просвітницький. Схарактеризовано зміни у змісті, формах і методах просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності інтелігенції на Півдні України другої половини ХІХ -початку ХХ століття. Уточнено сутність поняття "просвітницько-педагогічна діяльність".Визначено перспективні напрями використання історико-педагогічної спадщини просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності інтелігенції в умовах сьогодення.

В диссертации на основе целостного ретроспективного анализа исследованы теоретические аспекты развития просветительско-педагогической деятельности интеллигенции в образовательном пространстве Юга Украины. Раскрыта роль просветительско-педагогической деятельности интеллигенции, меценатов, сообществ и благотворительных организаций. Обоснована периодизация и выявлено тенденции просветительско-педагогической деятельности интеллигенции на Юге Украины: І этап – 1850 – 1869 гг. – конфессионно-мировоззренческий; ІІ этап – 1870 – 1889 гг. – научно-просветительский; ІІІ этап – 1890 – 1917 гг. – национально- просветительский. Охарактеризовано изменения в содержании, формах и методах просветительско-педагогической деятельности интеллигенции на Юге Украины второй половины ХІХ – начала ХХ века. Уточнена сущность понятия «просветительско-педагогическая деятельность». Определены перспективные направления использования историко-педагогического наследства просветительско-педагогической деятельности интеллигенции в условиях настоящего времени.

The dissertation presents the results of the historical pedagogical research of educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia in the South of Ukraine (the second half of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century). The urgency and necessity of the research is due to the conceptual provisions of the National Doctrine of the Development of Education of Ukraine in the 21st Century. In today's conditions of development of Ukrainian society, there is a need for the formation of intellectual and cultural potential as the highest value of the nation, the development of humanitarian thinking, in-depth study, critical reflection and the creative use of the national spiritual achievement of the past to understand the latest phenomena and processes in the educational space. The identification of the peculiarities of solving educational and pedagogical problems, the reflection of the tendency and mechanisms of the versatile interaction of progressive theory and practice in order to pedagogy of society in Ukraine should be carried out on the basis of analysis of these processes in a separate region. The interest is South of Ukraine. The study of the genesis of education, science and culture with the assistance of the intelligentsia in the south of Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is an important stage in the comprehensive study of education and training issues. The coexistence of religious, private, public education, and national education involved active educational activities of representatives of the German, Jewish, Greek, Russian, and Ukrainian intelligentsia of the South of Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the dissertation on the basis of a holistic retrospective analysis the theoretical principles of development of educational and pedagogical activity of intellectuals in the educational space of the South of Ukraine are researched. The role of educational and pedagogical activities intellectuals, philanthropists and societies and charitable organizations is revealed. The periodization of educational and pedagogical activity of the intellectuals in the South of Ukraine is grounded: I stage – 1850 – 1869 years – denominational worldview; II stage – 1870 – 1889 years – scientific and educational; ІІІ stage – 1890 – 1917 years – national-educational. Changes in the content, forms and methods of educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia in the South of Ukraine of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were characterized. The essence of concepts «educational and pedagogical activity» is specified. The main tendencies of educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia are outlined: national solidarity and mutual assistance; the involvement of representatives of all national communities and wealthy citizens in solving regional problems, the establishment of national schools with teaching in their mother tongue and compulsory study of the state language; the implementation of targeted material assistance to students and apprentices, the solution of issues of education, employment with cheap housing and food, and medical care. It was discovered that educational and pedagogical activity depended on the social activity of the individual, had a voluntary character, was distinguished by the content forms, methods and mechanisms of conducting. The main forms were: sermons, lectures, folk lectures, evenings, public lectures, charity fairs, literary and artistic evenings using the «magic lantern», etc. The spread of national education of the Ukrainian population was oppressed, but the educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia towards the awakening of national self-awareness and dignity in the South of Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries took place in rather difficult conditions. However, the foundations for further study of the Ukrainian language, literature and culture were identified. The practical significance of the work is that the special course «Educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia in the South of Ukraine (the second half of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century)» was developed and introduced and the methodical recommendations «Educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia in the educational environment of the South of Ukraine (second half of the XIX – the beginning of XX century)» regarding the introduction of a special course. The results of the research can be used for the holistic study of the educational development problem in the South of Ukraine in the history of pedagogical research. The perspective directions of using the historical pedagogical heritage of educational and pedagogical activity of the intelligentsia in the present conditions are determined.