Теоретичне підґрунтя загальних тенденцій розвитку образів літературних героїв в українській книжковій ілюстрації другої половини ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті розглянуто вплив ілюстративної автономії та візуально-текстової спільності художнього твору на трансформацію образів літературних героїв в українській книжковій ілюстрації другої половини ХХ століття. Визначено, що літературоцентризм дитячої книжкової ілюстрації протягом цього періоду доповнюють новими прикладами виходу за межі літературного тексту. Підсумовано, що українська дитяча книга пронесла класичні образи через три великі трансформаційні періоди, залишаючись при цьому в просторі постійно актуального та достатньо успішного у маркетинговому сенсі сегмента “вічної” літератури.

В статье рассмотрено влияние иллюстративной автономии и визуально-текстовой общности художественного произведения на трансформацию образов литературных героев в украинской книжной иллюстрации второй половины ХХ в. Определено, что литературоцентризм детской книжной иллюстрации на протяжении этого периода дополняется новыми примерами выхода за пределы литературного текста. Подитожено, что украинская детская книга провела классические образы через три крупные трансформационные периоды, оставаясь при этом в пространстве постоянно актуального и достаточно успешного в маркетинговом смысле сегмента “вечной” литературы.

The Ukrainian literary classic is a work of a certain time period, which is still relevant today. The artistic status of classical works is quite honoured and obvious, since it is classical Ukrainian literature that for a long time represents national artistic creativity both in Ukraine itself and abroad. The purpose of the article is the theoretical basis of general trends of literary heroes’ images in Ukrainian book illustration in the second half of the twentieth century. The creations of I. Kotlyarevsky, Lesia Ukrainka, I. Franko and others world-famous authors form a repertoire of almost every publishing house, especially during the second half of the 20-th and the beginning of the 21-st century. The process of publishing and reprinting the works confirms the following trends in the nature of the construction of a visual series within the children’s literary classics: – the advantage of the classical image; its visual rethinking; in many cases it is rather a positive feature, since it attests the value properties of literature as “eternal” art, which is modern in all circumstances; – representation of the classic characters, which in turn has two subspecies: flexible under the influence of new interpretation of the content of the classical work; modification in the illustrative concept, its modernization, but without a dialogue with the literary qualities of the work; – сommercial use of a literary brand for profit; creating a marketing design component that determines which visual techniques and artistic solutions are potentially commercially beneficial. The problem of “deconstruction of the hero” is also of a great importance for understanding the general trends in the development of artistic images in illustrating the children’s book. Discussions about the primacy or secondaryness of visual and text narratives, in particular concerning the children’s book, continue to exist at all times. The question of literary centricity of children’s book illustration and nature oriented character of art books for children becomes especially acute. The visual representation of an artistic creation is, in our opinion, a complex phenomenon that is formed in the space of at least three fundamental socio-cultural systems: – аrtistic and literary, which is responsible for the textual properties of the book; – design and constructive, describing the material idea of the book in the language of ergonomics and organoleptics; – аrtistic and graphic, which forms a visual narrative of literary works and books as a structure. Thus, illustrative autonomy and text-and- visual unity of the work of art, in our opinion, considerably affect the transformation of the images of literary heroes in Ukrainian book illustrations of the second half of the twentieth century. Literature centering of children’s book illustration, typical for the 1950’s–1960’s, supplemented in the 1970’s–1980’s by new examples of going beyond the literary text, subsequently forms a very colorful and diverse atmosphere of final Soviet period called “perestroika”. In the realm of native literature, the deconstruction of the hero has especially significant manifestations, as the Ukrainian children’s book carried classical images through at least three major transformation periods – the Soviet, post-Soviet and modern – while remaining in the space of a constantly relevant and successful in the marketing sense segment of “eternal” literature.