Роль педагогічних курсів і курсів церковного співу в професіоналізації хорової культури Вінниччини на межі ХІХ–ХХ століть

Abstract

У статті досліджено діяльність педагогічних курсів та курсів церковного співу, що були організовані на Вінниччині наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття за зразком київських літніх курсів. Розглянуто особливості методу викладання та визначено місце церковного співу в навчанні у церковно-приходських школах. Охарактеризовано основні дидактичні методи роботи курсів у Браїлові, Хмільнику, Тульчині, Соболівці.

В статье исследована деятельность педагогических курсов и курсов церковного пения, которые были организованы в Винничине в конце XIX – начале ХХ века по образцу киевских летних курсов. Рассмотрены особенности метода преподавания и определено место церковного пения в обучении в церковно-приходских школах. Охарактеризованы основные дидактические методы работы курсов в Браилове, Хмельнике, Тульчине, Соболевке.

The article deals with the activity of pedagogical courses and courses of church singing in Vinnytsia region at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The need for such courses was due to the great attention of the clergy to the development of church education in Vinnytsia region. Drawing on existing research and materials contained in the State Archives of Vinnytsia region, author of the article to reveal the role of pedagogical courses and courses of church singing organized in Vinnytsya by the model of Kyiv summer courses, in the professionalization of the choral culture at the end of the XIX – early XX century. Pedagogical courses allowed to prepare the corresponding personnel, since neither the graduates of the seminary nor the graduates of the spiritual schools could satisfy the demands of the primary educational institutions in the organization of choir collectives. The purpose of the summer courses of church singing was to familiarize low-educated teachers of elementary folk schools, church parochial schools, as well as those who have the right to a teacher’s degree, with the best ways of teaching church singing, with elementary notions of music theory, with the initial skills of playing the violin. The features of the method of teaching, the main provisions, the program of courses, musical works, manuals used by the course teachers were considered. The course program covered the work of a unanimous and multi-voiced church singing. The basic information about practical classes on unanimous singing, in which they worked at the all-night and liturgy of Ioann Zlatoustiy, Vasyliy Velykiy and the liturgy of pre-consecrated gifts were given. In particular, they worked on the “Bless the soul of my Lord” (Kyiv chant “Blahoslovy dushe moya Hospoda”) from the all-night work, “Lord summoned” (“Hospody vozzvakh”) to eight voices, Sunday stykhyars, etc. The place of choir performance and church singing in the course of work is separately defined, and their influence on the teaching of church singing in church parish schools is also explored, taking into account the experience of the courses in Kyiv. The activity of pedagogical courses and courses of church singing in Brailov, Khmilnyk, Tulchin, Sobolevka, Velykiy Mechtny is considered. The system of organization, activity and direct organization of choir collectives at such courses is described. The level of education of students of pedagogical courses and courses of church singing, in terms of the number of successfully passed examinations, educational training, is analyzed. The influence of organization of teaching on the basics of choral singing of teachers of church parish schools and folk schools at the summer courses on laying the professional foundations of choral life in Vinnitsa region is determined.