Культурологическая экспертиза памятников истории и культуры

Abstract

В статье освещена роль культурологической экспертизы в формировании феномена памятников истории и культуры. Проанализированы сущность культурологической экспертизы и решения ею задач, связанных с культурным наследием человечества. Трансформация объектов, имеющих статус “памятник истории и культуры”, осуществляется именно с помощью метода экспертизы.

У статті висвітлено роль культурологічної експертизи у формуванні феномена пам’яток історії та культури. Проаналізовано сутність культурологічної експертизи і вирішення нею завдань, пов’язаних з культурною спадщиною людства. Трансформація об’єктів, що мають статус “пам’ятка історії і культури”, здійснюється саме за допомогою методу експертизи.

Thе article is devoted to the role of cultural expertise in the formation of the phenomenon of the monument of history and culture. Transformation of objects that have special significance for cultural heritage in objects that have the status of a “monument of history and culture” is carried out precisely through the method of examination. In this regard, the article analyzes the essence of cultural expertise and the tasks before it. As a result of the conducted researches it is possible to come to the conclusion that examination is a special form of research activity. Expertise is a process carried out for various reasons. However, the priority of this process is the collection of knowledge about the object. No evaluation procedure can be carried out without examination. In particular, the determination of the value, the potential of the significance of the object is determined on the basis of expertise. Therefore, examination is considered a traditional method of evaluation. The range of coverage of expert activities and expertise, which are practical in nature, is quite wide. In particular, in modern conditions, carried out in various spheres of public life of expertise, were the main reason for the emergence of its various species. During the experience of the expert activity, depending on the purpose of the study and, based on the type of the object under study, a sufficient number of types of expertise were formed, the classification of which was handled by a number of experts. Since, multispecies and versatility, as properties of the phenomenon of the “monument of history and culture” from the functional point of view, make it possible to involve expert research in this field in various fields. For example, the identification of the value of fragments of a statue found in the cultural layer with the help of both archaeological and art criticism or the determination of the value relating to the XVIII century of the conveyance through historical and cultural and technological expertise is a confirmation of what was said earlier. However, the sociocultural demands put forward by modern society in this sphere make it necessary to implement the idea of the appearance of such a special type of expertise as “examination of historical and cultural monuments”. Over the past 20 years, as a qualitatively new type of expertise in assessing monuments of history and culture, a similarity to this new type, the culturological expertise that is still being formed, has acquired particular relevance. Cultural expertise is a type of research carried out with the aim of introducing a cultural heritage object into the State Register as a unit under state protection. Whether an identified, found, discovered object is significant from the point of view of cultural heritage becomes clear after the initial examination, and from the point of view of museology it will correctly and objectively call it a “historical and cultural expertise” as one of the varieties of cultural expertise. It is content that puts cultural values above ordinary things.