Розвиток стендапу як новітньої форми розмовного жанру та його місце у вітчизняній естраді

Abstract

У статті визначено поняття “стендап”, розглянуто історію виникнення, становлення та сучасний стан форми, оцінено роль стендапу в системі вітчизняного сценічного мистецтва. Проаналізовано творчість засновників стендапу, їх внесок у розвиток даної форми, визначено основні види і напрямки стендапу. Висвітлено характерні особливості та виразні засоби, притаманні цій формі, охарактеризовано сучасний стан стендап-програм у вітчизняному сценічному просторі й перспективи їх розвитку.

В статье определено понятие “стендап”, рассмотрена история возникновения, становления и современное состояние формы, оценена роль стендапа в системе отечественного сценического искусства. Проанализировано творчество основателей стендапа, их вклад в развитие данной формы, определены основные виды и направления стендапа. Освещены характерные особенности и выразительные средства, присущие этой форме, охарактеризовано современное состояние стендап-программ в отечественном сценическом пространстве и перспективы их развития.

The article is devoted to the consideration of development of stand-up as а newest form of conversational genre and its place of the national variety art. For today, this form takes the leading place in the system of stage pop genres. Stand-up is gaining in popularity, gathering millions of viewers around the world, because it reveals topical, acute-social, close-up viewers, themes. Despite the great popularity of the form, in Ukraine there is a problem of the absence of comprehensive scientific researching, which would summarize all previous experience of the existence of the form: the history of origin, formation; analyzed the current state and prospects of development; the contribution of founders to the development of the genre was evaluated. The main features, expressive means and techniques inherent in this genre were highlighted. That is why, for solving this problem, the following key aspects are explored. Considering the history of the origin and formation of the stand-up, it can be argued that throughout its existence, this form has endured many difficulties in the path of its development. Toward the roots of the Greek Parrhizia, about 400 BC. e., later born in musical halls in England and arriving in the United States, with artists vaudeville, stand-up moved to the scenes of comedy clubs and clubs for workers, where the performances of comic actors were constantly subjected to strict censorship. Speaking about the main characteristic features of the stand-up, it should be noted the presence of interactivity (interaction with the audience), improvisation, fashion on bright costumes, the presence of a big amount of soft jokes built on the intellectual game of words, interesting stories and sophisticated subjects, and dirty, which often pass all moral and ethical boundaries. Analyzing the arts of the founders of the stand-up, emphasizes their enormous contribution, thanks to which this form was constantly developed, improved, acquired new stage techniques and methods. In the process of bold experiments in the next generations of stand-up comedians, new formats and styles of performance were created. Among the most famous types of stand-up should be noted: a holistic monologue, an “in one line” – a set of short jokes, an improvisation or an original approach (musical or visual stenpad). Describing the current state of the stand-up programs in the national space, it should be noted that today on the pop and in the television space there are many humorous shows, shows, pop shows, in which the stand-up is an integral part of the stage action. Almost every entertaining institution has stand-up parties. In different cities of the country it is traditional to hold solo stand-up concerts with young comedians. Considering the masters of the stand-up among the Ukrainian commissars, it is worth first of all to note the performances of its founders: Verka Serdyuchka, Uncle Zhora, Sergey Prytula, Andriy Molochny, Valery Zhidkov and others. As for the younger generation of stand-up comedians, the performances of such performers are impressive: Bekir Mamediev, Yuri Gromovy, Svyat Marchenko (Mamahohatala), Andriy Kolmachevsky (Winner of the League of Laughs as part of the team “Two Captains-1955”), Volodymyr Kovtsun “Vladzo” (“Varyaty”), Natalia Garipova (winner of the “Launch comic” projects), etc.