Театральне мистецтво у Галичині періоду німецької окупації (1941–1944 роки): джерела дослідження

Abstract

У статті класифіковано три основні групи джерельної бази дослідження, зокрема – архівні фонди, пресові видання та мемуарна література, які характеризують динаміку організаційних і творчих процесів у середовищі українських професійних та аматорських театральних колективів Галичини в період німецької окупації. Їх систематизація та узагальнення дозволяють реконструювати події минулого, відтворити реальну картину театрального життя краю означеного періоду. В процесі пошуку, опрацювання та систематизації джерел з’ясовано відсутність в опрацьованих архівних фондах згаданих у первинних джерелах матеріалів (додатків, звітів, описів протокольних та інших документів), частина джерельної бази дослідження перебуває в незадовільному стані.

В статье классифицированы три основные группы источниковой базы исследования, в частности – архивных фондов, прессовых изданий и мемуарной литературы, характеризующих динамику организационных и творческих процессов в среде украинских профессиональных и любительских театральных коллективов Галичины в период немецкой оккупации. Их систематизация и обобщение позволяют реконструировать события прошлого, воссоздать реальную картину театральной жизни края указанного периода. В процессе поиска, обработки и систематизации источников выяснено отсутствие в обработанных архивных фондах упомянутых в первичных источниках материалов (приложений, отчетов, описаний протокольных и других документов), часть источниковой базы исследования находится в неудовлетворительном состоянии.

The article provides the classification of three major groups of the reference sources used in the research, in particular, archival funds, periodicals, newspapers and memoir literature, which characterize the dynamics of organizational and creative processes in the environment of Ukrainian professional and amateur theatre ensembles in Galicia during the period of German occupation. Their systematization and generalization allow reconstructing the events from the past, and recreating the real picture of the theatrical life in Galicia during the designated period. The analysis and structuring of the reference sources, determination of their place and role in the reconstruction of major theatrical processes in Galicia during the period of German occupation is the aim of the research. The main group of the reference sources which became the basis of the research is the considerable informative sources segment – the materials from periodic press of that time. Informative diaries of general character were of great value as well. The primary sources of information were local publications casting light on the artistic events which took place in the districts and counties. In particular, it refers to the creative activity of amateur drama ensembles and the majority of professional county theatres. Periodic press materials represent various genres: informative notes, advertisements of different theatrical performances, remarks of memoir character, reviews of theatrical performances and actors, theatre road tours; documentary materials (reports on the activity of theatre ensembles). The comprehensive analysis of the activity of professional theatres and amateur drama ensembles, in particular, as regards to their network and organizational structure, was impossible without the study of the constitutive documents of the new German administration, structural changes implementation by the government and administrative-territorial divisions. The notes about the activity of “Prosvita” Society and Ukrainian Educational Societies, amateur and professional theatre ensembles, training of the theatrical staff, and activity of the Actors Labor Society at Ukrainian Central Committee and Literature and Arts Club became an important informative supplement to the research. The collections of materials and documents contain separate selected articles from the newspapers as well as documents from archival funds. This provides for an opportunity to single out the main aspects for the research and to avoid factual errors and inaccuracies. Also, in the thesis we have used the reference sources of personal origin, in particular, recollections, memoirs of the participants and witnesses of the events. This allows comparing their evidence with the periodic press materials. The reference source basis of our research encompasses a considerable amount of archive materials. Theatre posters and performance programs turned out to be the most valuable for discovering the essence of repertoire policy. Among the archive materials processed by the researcher we can single out funds, descriptions and cases that provide instructions about conducting creative activity, information about the creative activity of professional and amateur ensembles, reports on dramatic circles contests, notes about guest performances of theatrical ensembles, etc. In the process of search, processing and systematization of the reference sources it has been found out that some materials mentioned in the primary reference sources list (annexes, reports, descriptions of the documents of record, etc.) are missing in the archival funds. Also, part of the reference sources are in a poor state. Most likely, part of the materials were destroyed or taken away from the territory of Galicia during the military actions and occupation. The attempts of German administration to diminish the scope of the Ukrainian theatrical art development severely affected the physical condition of the sources and led to their partial preservation.