Основні принципи камерного хорового виконавства на прикладі хорової капели “Орея”

Abstract

У статті досліджено основні принципи українського камерного хорового виконавства на прикладі діяльності Хорової капели “Орея” крізь призму історико-культурного процесу другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття. Охарактеризовано головні репертуарні та виконавські можливості мистецької діяльності згаданого колективу. Висвітлено перспективний вектор художньої еволюції Хорової капели “Орея” як складової сучасних трансформаційних процесів, котрі детермінують новаторські пошуки в царині української та світової хорової професійної музики.

В статье анализируются основные принципы украинского камерного хорового исполнения на примере храмовой капеллы “Орея” сквозь призму историко-культурного процесса второй половины ХХ – начала XXI века. Описан основной репертуар и возможности художественной деятельности вышеупомянутого коллектива. Освещен перспективный вектор художественной эволюции Хоровой капеллы “Орея” как составляющей современных трансформационных процессов, которые детерминируют новаторские поиски в области украинской и мировой хоровой профессиональной музыки.

The article is dedicated to the study of the basic principles of chamber choir performance on the example of the Choir chapel “Oreya”. One of the important aspects of the research is the clarification of the repertoire and performing possibilities of the artistic activity of the Choir chapel “Oreya”. At the beginning of the publication, the current state of the study of the outlined problems is reasoned, as well as the vector of application of the modern methodology of art analysis through the prism of the identified problem is defined. In particular, it is stated that the majority of scientific researches (O. Bench-Shokalo, L. Dychko, A. Lashchenko, O. Marach, Y. Stasyuk) on the analysis of issues related to Ukrainian chamber choir performance, despite their substantiality, do not adequately cover the aspect of the practical application of the universal principles of ensemble and choral activity in the context of the artistic experience of outstanding contemporary choir collectives. Starting from the second half of the twentieth century a fundamentally new phenomenon, called chamber choirs, has appeared in Ukrainian choral environment. Their emergence happened due to the bloom of music difficult to perform, which required high-qualified choristers, because its performance is not available for untrained performers, such as amateur choirs. The development of chamber choir performance has become a peculiar kind of a catalyst for innovative trends in Ukrainian choral music of the second half of XX century – beginning of XXI century, namely the neo-folklore wave and the revival of spiritual music on a qualitatively new stage in the works of modern leading composers (L. Dychko, E. Stankovych, M. Skoryk, G. Gavrylets, V. Silvestrov, etc.). The article emphasizes that chamber choral performance in its modern form is characterized by a number of specific features, namely: small composition (compactness); convenience of transportation; an ability to quickly reorganize the structure for different performance practices; a focus on close interaction with various related arts (choreography, theatrical performance (directorial installations) with the use of photo and video, modern means of light music using 3D and laser technologies); exclusive timbral and ensemble individualization taking into account various scenario location algorithms; episodic engagement of various forms of instrumental performances (involving choir artists) that distinguish its artistic concept from the classical model of the choir collective. Choir chapel “Oreya” is a bright representative of modern chamber choir performances and one of the most original choirs in Ukraine, which, despite its rather substantial time of existence (1986), surprises the listener with new projects and always high-quality filigree sound. The characteristic features of the Choir chapel “Oreya” include: 1) use of different singing manners; 2) repertoire is different from most chamber Ukrainian choirs; 3) performance of songs in their authentic form (approximate pronunciation of words, manner of sounding, costumes); 4) the involvement of various “special effects” in the concert (the noise sounds produced by chorists themselves with the help of hands, lips (in particular, “beatbox”) and various instruments); 5) an original arrangement of O. Vatsek. The reasons stated in the article prove that the Choir chapel “Oreya”, which since its formation (1986) has been representing itself as a highly-qualified team, can be considered as an example of chamber choral performance without exaggeration. This is evidenced by the fact that participating in numerous prestigious international contests and festivals, they have always received the highest honours and awards (9 Grand Prix and 31 first places).