Перспективи використання Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. (Phyllanthaceae) в озелененні садів і парків Західного регіону України

Abstract

У статті наводяться результати 10-річного вирощування у культурі Кременецького ботанічного саду рідкісного ендемічного та реліктового виду Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. (Phyllanthaceae). Наводяться дані по фенології, стійкості до кліматичних умов та шкідників в умовах інтродукції. Окреслені перспективи його використання в озелененні садів та парків населених пунктів Західної України.

В статье приводятся результаты 10-летнего выращивания в культуре Кременецкого ботанического сада редкого эндемического и реликтового вида Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. (Phyllanthaceae). Приводятся данные по фенологии, устойчивости к климатическим условиям и вредителям в условиях интродукции. Обозначены перспективы его использования в озеленении садов и парков населенных пунктов Западной Украины.

The article presents the results of 10-year period of growing rare endemic and relict species Leptopus chinensis ( Bunge ) Pojark. on the territory of Kremenets Botanical Garden. The data on phenology, resistance to climatic conditions and pests in terms of introduction are represented. The prospects of its usage in gardens and parks of Western Ukraine are outlined. The Chinese Leptopus Leptopus сhinensis ( synonyms Andrachne colchica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss., Leptopus colchicus ( Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss. ) Pojark., Arachne colchica ( Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Boiss. ) Pojark. ) is a rare endemic and relict species. Taxonomically it refers to the family Phyllanthaceae. The species are native to western Georgia, northern Iran and the Russian Federation, western Georgia being its dominant natural habitat. In Russia, Leptopus сhinensis occurs in the Krasnodar region along the Black Sea coast. Only one isolated location is known in northern Iran. Populations of Leptopus сhinensis are native to rocky and forest belts where they grow on limestone undergrowth in deciduous forests. Leptopus сhinensis is a summer - green nanophanerophyte, up to 1.0 m tall with thin twigs densely planted along the stem. Its leaves are with stipules, and are delicate, thin, ovate, colored from light green to light green. The leaf blade is round in the root and dull pointed at the apex. Flowers are on long pedicels, unisex. Stamens pale and green when young, then yellow, are arranged in groups of 2 or 3. The petals are divided into narrow blunt blades. Calyxes are narrowed along the edge and merged by a third, with rare cilia. Pistils are single with egg - shaped petals and glands, which merge in the lower part into single - blade disc. The fruits are flat and spherical. The species were granted by the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden. The growth season lasts 204 ± 12 days in average. Foliage flourishing lasts 18 - 28 days, starting from the second half of April. The beginning of flowering – 26 ± 10 April, the end – the third decade of September and early October. Fruiting – the end of May. The seeds begin to mature in the third decade of June and July. The species cultivated does not differ from the one growing in the wild. It propagates by seeds and vegetatively. The most effective vegetative way is via rhizomes and rooted shoots. It forms compact bushes quickly. It is a frost - resistant and cold tolerant species for our region. It is also a drought- and heat- resistant plant. No diseases or pest damages were observed over the period of growth. Leptopus chinensis is a valuable rare species in the landscaping of the western regions of Ukraine. It has manifested itself as a very promising culture. Due to the environmental and biomorphological features Leptopus shinensis is recommended for landscaping and gardening. This species should be used to create bordure planting, small topiary forms, free groups of foreground, contrasting compositions, decorative curtains, background plants, and also to strengthen the slopes on carbonate rocks.