Екоситуація у межах рівнинних територій Тернопільської області (відповідно до схеми еколого-географічного районування)

Abstract

Запропонована схема еколого-географічного районування Тернопільської області; проаналізовано екоситуацію у межах рівнинних територій досліджуваного регіону (відповідно до схеми районування); проведена оцінка потенціалу стійкості геосистем області до антропогенних впливів; оцінено ступінь антропогенної трансформації ландшафтів різними видами природокористування.

В данной публикации предложены критерии эколого-географического районирования. Оценены и проанализированы территориальные аспекты потенциала устойчивости ландшафтов и уровня антропогенной трансформации геосистем разными видами природопользования. Разработана схема эколого-географического районирования области. Дана характеристика экологической ситуации в пределах равнинной части Тернопольской области. Базируясь на схеме эколого-географического районирования, предложены пути оптимизации природопользования на исследованной территории.

The criteria, principles and methods of the ecological-geographical regionalization are proposed. The territorial aspects of the potential of the landscape’s stability and the level of the anthropogenic transformation of the landscape systems are evaluated and analyzed; the ecological situation within the plains of Ternopil region is characterized. On the basis of the ecological-geographical regionalization scheme the trends and ways of the optimization of the structure of the territorial usage are grounded. The growth of technological influence on the nature has provoked different ecological problems including environmental pollution and landscapes degradation. The changing of the landscape’s structure because of economic activity provokes the destruction of the natural mechanism of the landscape’s regeneration. As a result of landscape’s transformation is the exhausting of many kinds of natural resources that make the foundation of economical production. The analysis of the ecological situation in Ternopil region is based on such criteria as potential of landscape’s stability and the level of the landscape’s transformation because of technological influence. The definition of “landscape’s stability” can be interpreted as the landscape’s possibilities to renew their structure and function after economical influence owing to the natural mechanisms. The method of investigation is based on the separated evaluation of the possibilities for cleaning and renewing such landscape’s components as atmospheric air, waters, soils and vegetation owing to the natural mechanisms. The combined and complex analyze of the landscape’s stability is carried out taking into account the connections between the main landscape’s components. The evaluated potential of landscape’s stability can be used as the fundamental for the calculation of the intensivity of anthropogenic influence on the nature of the region for searching the balance between the economical development and environmental protection. The main directions of the regulation and harmonization of the ecological, economic and social development of Ternopil region according to the principles of the sustainable development (Rio,1992) are worked out.