Традиційні та новаторські підходи в художній обробці дерева Вижницької школи декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва

Abstract

У статті на багатому фактологічному матеріалі досліджено традиційні та новаторські підходи в художній обробці дерева Вижницької школи декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва. Проведено аналогії з технологічними і художньо-стильовими особливостями художньої обробки дерева в сусідньому гуцульському краї. Простежено еволюцію форм та декоративних прийомів у творчості вижницьких майстрів по дереву другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття.

В статье на богатом фактологическом материале исследовано традиционные и новаторские подходы в художественной обработке дерева Выжницкой школы декоративно-прикладного искусства. Проведены аналогии с технологическими и художественно-стилевыми особенностями художественной обработки дерева в соседнем гуцульском крае. Прослежено эволюцию форм и декоративных приемов в творчестве выжницких мастеров по дереву второй половины ХХ – начала XXI века.

The article deals with the traditional and innovative approaches in the artistic wood carving of Vyzhnytsia school of decorative applied art. The analogies have been conducted with technological and artistic and stylistic peculiarities of artistic wood carving in of the neighboring Hutsul area. It is traced the evolution of forms and decorative techniques in the creative works of Vyzhnytsia wood carving masters of the second part of the XX – beginning of the XXI century. The problem of artistic wood carving development in the Carpathian area of Ukraine is not properly enlighten in the scientific issues. A detailed attention is paid to the peculiarities of wooden articles of applied character of the Hutsul area and, particularly, Kosiv one. However the problem of investigation of the artistic wood carving of Vyzhnytsia school of art is not sufficiently studied in the national historiography. Vyzhnytsia art school has always been not only the main centre of the development of decorative applied art of Bukovyna, but also a significant artistic centre on the map of Ukraine. By this time Vyzhnytsia art school has preserved its unique character and is leading in the traditional folk art of the area. Vyzhnytsia art school achieved great success, thanks to the age-long efforts of talented teachers, their high professional skills and creative activities. Famous painters worked beside with the folk masters, which created unique style of local folk art – V. Shkribliak, M. Mehedeniuk, V. Devdiuk, K. Pokornyi, M. Hnatiuk, S. Klym, A. Hasiuk, M. Kliuchan and others. Vyzhnytsia masters use a wide range of technological methods of wood working-geometrical carving, engraving, lace carving, intarsia, incrustation, decorative painting. Traditional works of Bukovynian masters are distinguished by the remarkable richness of forms and their modifications. Among them a large assortment of articles-boxes, shelves for plates, tables, chests, albums covers. Considerable attention in the article is paid to the evolution of the traditional forms of the decorative plate in the works of Vyzhnytsia artists of the second half of the XX – early XXI century. The search of new original forms and interpretations of the traditional articles of students and graduates of Vyzhnytsia Y. V. Shkribliak College of Applied Art are of great importance nowadays. One can see the original interpretation of different typological groups, among them chest-boxes, album-cases covers and church books, wall clocks, wine sets. The samples of diplomas and term papers works of Vyzhnytsia art school testify to the college programme supporting direction to the preservation of the traditional methods of work and wood decoration. However, it is obvious the desire to overcome any stagnation, to support and stimulate the innovative approaches and the creation of original compositions and forms of wooden articles. In the years of state independence establishing in Ukraine, and now, in the time of fight against external aggression, the achievements of folk art are not only still popular, but acquire entirely new actuality.