Театрально-музичне життя села Острів Тернопільського повіту в першій третині ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано театральну та музичну діяльність аматорських гуртків села Острів Тернопільського повіту в контексті культурно-просвітнього руху Галичини першої третини ХХ століття. Охарактеризовано їхнє становлення та розвиток упродовж даного періоду. Показано умови праці гуртків, роботу організаторів та керівників колективів, їхній репертуар і творче зростання. Висвітлено соціально-політичне становище населення в цей період та його вплив на культурно-мистецьке життя краю.

В статье проанализирована театральная и музыкальная деятельность любительских кружков села Остров Тернопольского уезда в контексте культурно-просветительского движения Галичины первой трети ХХ века. Охарактеризовано их становление и развитие в течение данного периода. Показано условия труда кружков, работу организаторов и руководителей коллективов, их репертуар и творческий рост. Освещено социально-политическое положение населения в этот период и его влияние на культурно-художественную жизнь края.

The end of XIX – early XX century – the period of active development of national, political, cultural and educational life of Galychyna, at that time was under the rule of foreign countries. Imperial power in Galychyna lands did everything to destroy the Ukrainian language, culture and national awareness of the people. Therefore, in small towns and villages patriotic locals began to unite in public organizations and developing Ukrainian art in the territory of their areas. The leaders of cultural groups were nationally conscious citizens who were educated, had a certain prestige among the locals people and were able to rally around like-minded. Ostriv village has a long history, which shows the heroic struggle of the people against the oppressors. Village center of cultural and educational society “Prosvita” in Ostriv village was established of March 31, 1898 with the assistance of Father Ivan Lyubovych. Since that time, started to act amateur groups – theater, choral and brass. Five active local owners gathered cash and buy costumes and scenery for theatrical group and instruments for orchestra. In 1903 in the village was working mixed choir under the direction of deacon from Ternopil Ivan Zadorozhnyi. Thanks to the efforts theater and choral groups this year were held evenings after famous figures of Ukrainian culture. On the basis of the church choir in 1910 at reading club “Prosvita” organized a mixed choir, directed by Mykhailo Antkiv. That same year was established singing (vocal) group. A local resident Joseph Lushpynskyi directed it. Members of the group were preparing vocal works for words of Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Markiyan Shashkevych and other Ukrainian poets. Active cultural and artistic activities of Ostriv community lasted until mid-1914 year. Later the First World War was begin and the village was destroyed by Russian troops, burned all public buildings, including reading club “Prosvita”, which functioned amateur theatrical and musical groups. After the war, in Ostriv was built a big house, where were the shop and reading club with a large spacious room with a stage. Thus Ostriv village branch of “Prosvita” has resumed its activities in 1925. In March 1927 community of Ostriv village prepared a concert dedicated to the birth anniversary of Taras Shevchenko. Enough an active was theater group. During the year, the actors presented to the audience five performances. In December this year, in Ostriv village was a concert dedicated to the anniversary of the society “Prosvita”. Concert program prepared children’s and adult choirs and reciter. 1928 was marked by the 60-th anniversary of the founding of the society “Prosvita”. In this connection amateurs of Ostriv village given two music concerts and actors under the direction of Stephen Dzyubanovskyi prepared three performances. The policy of pacification, which was conducted in eastern Galychyna affected on the activities of cultural and artistic life of the Ostriv village, including the organization of performances, concerts and other performances. Before staging a concert or performance leaders of the groups had written permission to the county eldership. In 1930 active amateurs began to gather in the newly created group “Ridna Shkola”, the organizers and leaders who also carried out activities towards the development of national culture and art. Despite restrictions and obstacles in conducting performances and concerts people tried to actively conduct cultural and artistic activities. In May 1933 amateurs conducted the Mother’s Day. In performance was attended pre-school children and schoolchildren. Leaders drama circle selecting the repertoire, drawn attention to the interest and popularity plays among the local population and taking into account their national-patriotic and educational direction. Each performance of amateurs has something unique and exciting, game of every actor was expressive and ensemble was filled with a sense of dramaturgy of the author. At the end of 1938 to early 1939 drama circle of Ostriv regularly visited the village of Chernykhiv. There they found several performances. In this period the people of Ostriv not stop spending and musical activities. In the village was acting male and mixed choir. Conductor of a chorus was Bohdan Antkiv. Also operated brass band, the head of which was Omelian Onys’ko and later Bogdan Antkiv. In the early 1940’s, theatrical and musical life of the people has not developed as active as in previous years. With the arrival of the village Soviet power, the activities of cultural, educational and artistic institution was prohibited. Despite the difficult vicissitudes of the time, amateurs actively develop national culture, showing the inhabitants performances and concerts in honor of important dates and prominent representatives of Ukrainian culture.