Екологічні передумови поширення емерджентних хвороб в Україні

Abstract

Проаналізовано особливості формування паразитарних систем в сучасних умовах та обґрунтовано роль екологічних чинників у поширенні емерджентних хвороб на території України.

Проанализировано особенности формирования паразитарных систем в современных условиях и обосновано роль экологических факторов в распространении эмерджентных болезней на территории Украины.

The features of the formation of parasitic systems in modern conditions and justified the role of environmental factors in the spread of emergent diseases on the territory of Ukraine. The diversity of natural landscapes and ecosystems Ukraine creates favorable conditions for long-term existence of natural focal infections (tularemia, leptospirosis, listeriosis, Q fever, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and others.). In natural habitats infections (invasions) pathogens exist without any connection with man and animal. However, depletion of natural resources, climate change, plowing areas can have unpredictable effects and appear in аnthropogenic transformation of territory in altered forms. Social and environmental conditions can affect the expression, the emergence and spread of the epidemic process, in particular, promote the reproduction of rodents, insect vectors, pathogen survival as a species. Over the past 24 years the average temperature in Ukraine increased by 0,8 °C, and in the future defined critical threshold of the average air temperature at 2 ⁰C. Changing temperature and precipitation patterns, increasing the number of natural disasters and extreme weather situations affect change and the organization of parasitic systems dynamics and seasonal life cycles and conditions of the circulation of pathogens of natural focal disease. The study environmental features spread of emergent diseases and patterns of organization and functioning parasitic system is important and urgent issues of biological security.