Зміни фіторізноманіття лучних угруповань заплави річки Сула в результаті запровадження природозахисних заходів

Abstract

Наведено результати 5-річних досліджень флори заплавних луків річки Сула в околицях міста Лубни Полтавської області. Виявлено зміни видового складу у результаті здійснення природоохоронних заходів. Проаналізовано динаміку зміни флори. Подані рекомендації щодо відновлення природної флори річкових заплав.

Приведены результаты 5-летних исследований флоры пойменных лугов реки Сула в окрестностях города Лубны Полтавской области. Выявлены изменения видового состава в результате осуществления природоохранных мероприятий. Проанализирована динамика изменения флоры. Представленны рекомендации по восстановлению природной флоры речных пойм.

Since the environmental impact of human activity is growing, the issue of modern biodiversity research is of primary importance along with measures to be undertaken in order to prevent irreversible changes and protect our natural environment. Meadows are important elements of vegetation in Ukraine. Meadow ecosystems function to form biogeocoenosis, maintain ecological balance and stabilize the hydrological regime of the territories. The scientists of Biology Department of National Dragomanov Pedagogical University (NDPU) over the period of 2010-2016 observed the vegetation of meadow communities which are in controlled use zones (vehicles banned, no grazing). The study was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the measures. The main task was to detect and analyze changes in phytodiversity. The plant determination was carried out by Ukrainian plants determinant (Dobrochayeva D.N., 1987). The quantitative correlation among species in plant communities was observed by standard techniques. We used modern methods of geo-botanical and population studies, the route-oriented method of diagnostics being the principal one. The floristic research was conducted on experimental areas covered by dry, wet and marshy meadows. There were 15 plots (100 m2) to study. The research area is located in the northeast of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. In the course of research we studied the flora of floodplain meadows along the Sula river (in the middle of its course) close to the town of Lubny, Poltava region, recorded changes in species composition as a result of environmental measures, and analyzed the dynamics of changes of flora . As a result, the five-year study of floodplain meadows of the Sula river found 128 species of vascular herbaceous plants forming the vegetation of dry (49 species), humid (67 species) and wetland (54 species) groups. The analysis testifies to the efficacy of the measures undertaken to protect the natural environment of the region. The research showed that the introduction of a controlled use zones helps to restore natural meadow vegetation by 33.9%-40.6%, and limit areas with ruderal and invasive species by 31.7%-16.8%. The environmental awareness should be promoted and public interest in environmental issues including threats of climate change and biodiversity reduction should be further developed.