Архітектура енергетично самодостатніх будівель

Abstract

У статті досліджено питання формування архітектури будівель з нульовим балансом, види відновлювальних джерел енергії та засоби їх використання в сучасній архітектурі. На основі сформульованих принципів запропоновано концептуальний проект житлового комплексу із трьох житлових 26-поверхових будинків у передмісті Тернополя, який споживає мінімальну кількість енергії.

В статье исследовано вопросы формирования архитектуры зданий с нулевым балансом, виды возобновляемых источников энергии и средства их использования в современной архитектуре. На основании принципов, сформулированных автором, предложено концептуальный проект жилого комплекса из трех жилых 26-этажных домов в пригороде Тернополя, который потребляет минимальное количество энергии.

In the article investigated the question of the formation of the architecture of the buildings with zero balance, the types of renewable energy sources and their use in modern architecture. Examining the different kinds of alternative energy sources put out to find the concept of designing a house with zero balance. The idea is that each building should be energetically selfsufficient, not consume traditional forms of energy from centralized networks (gas, electric current, hot water), while providing high standards of comfort and hygiene. As shown by the study, environment building is a building that maximally uses energy-saving technologies and renewable energies to ensure the normal life of the people and creates minimal environmental load on. In foreign practice for achieving zero balance using wind energy, solar panels with photovoltaic panels of large size and wind turbines, as well as the heat of the Earth and geothermal springs. In the long run – using nanotechnology. Building solar batteries that are able to accumulate energy. An important component of energy efficient buildings is reusing heat, water, their circulation. A large reserve of saving is heat insulation of external enclosures. Examining the different kinds of alternative energy sources available in Ukraine, found the concept of designing a house with zero balance. The author defines the principles of the formation of energy- self-sufficient living: the analysis of the energy balance and the heat load of the building; the analysis of the energy potential of the area and the correlation of the buildings to the local climatic conditions; the use of natural renewable energy sources; usage of the computer automatic system for analytical calculations; reducing heat loss through external protective structures; methods of internal planning and reducing the thermal conductivity; recycling and heat recovery of water and air; taking into consideration the high standards of comfort and hygiene. Based on the defined principles, the author proposed conceptual project of residential complex of three 26-storey buildings in the suburb of Ternopil, which consumes the minimum amount of energy. Local conditions were analyzed in their potential of renewable energy (solar radiation, wind, aquifers, etc.), surrounding objects were studied on the subject of harmful emissions. The complex consists of three residential 26-storey buildings . The shape of the buildings constructed in a way to concentrate the air flows on wind turbines, located at intervals. The space-planning decision of the apartments aimed at minimizing the area of external enclosures to reduce heat loss. The author also used the dual-layer ventilated facades that provide a more effective regulation of microclimate duaring the whole year. The solar panels perform three functions: fences of the balconies and loggias, sunscreen and solar panels.